Strong’s G4970: An adverb expressing exceeding intensity or degree, σφόδρα describes profound emotional or physical states. In the Gospels, it often portrays intense reactions to divine encounters, particularly the overwhelming joy at recognizing the Messiah.

U- Unveiling the Word

σφόδρα captures the intensity of human response to divine reality. Used to express extreme degrees of emotion or action, it appears in contexts where people encounter God’s power or presence. In its first New Testament occurrence, it describes the Magi’s overwhelming joy at finding the infant Messiah. The early church saw this word as expressing appropriate responses to divine revelation. Today, it reminds us that encounters with God should produce profound effects in our lives.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: σφόδρα, sphodra, /sfo’-drä/
• Pronunciation Guide: “SFOH-drah” (stress on first syllable)
• Part of Speech: Adverb

Etymology:

• From σφοδρός (sphodrós) meaning “violent” or “vehement”
• Related to Indo-European root *spend- meaning “to jerk, move violently”
• Developed into an intensifier expressing extreme degree

D – Defining Meanings

• Exceedingly
• Very much
• To a great degree

Translation Options:

• “Exceedingly” – Best captures the intensifying aspect
• “Very greatly” – Emphasizes the degree of intensity
• “Extremely” – Modern equivalent expressing intensity

E – Exploring Similar Words

• λίαν (lian) /lē’-än/ – very, exceedingly – See G3029
• μεγάλως (megalōs) /me-gä’-lōs/ – greatly – See G3171
• περισσῶς (perissōs) /pe-rēs-sōs’/ – abundantly – See G4057

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As an adverb, σφόδρα:

• Is indeclinable (does not change form)
• Modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
• Can appear in different positions in the sentence for emphasis
• Sometimes combines with other intensifiers

Cross-references:

• Related adjective: σφοδρός (violent, vehement)
• Related verb form: σφοδρύνω (to intensify)

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

BDAG emphasizes its use as an intensive adverb. Thayer’s notes its development from physical violence to intensity. LSJ documents its classical usage expressing extreme degree. Vine’s connects it to emotional responses in the Gospels. Strong’s highlights its intensifying function. Moulton and Milligan note its common use in everyday language.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
Matthew 2:10: “When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceedingly [σφόδρα] great joy.”

Additional References:

• Matthew 17:6
• Matthew 17:23
• Matthew 18:31
• Matthew 19:25
• Matthew 27:54

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

σφόδρα teaches us that encounters with divine truth should provoke profound responses. This word proclaims that the good news of the Messiah deserves our most intense joy, deepest reverence, and strongest commitment. It challenges us to move beyond lukewarm faith to passionate devotion.

D – Did You Know?

• The word appears most frequently in Matthew’s Gospel
• It often describes both positive and negative intense reactions to the Messiah
• Ancient Greek medical writers used it to describe severe symptoms

Strong’s G4970: An adverb expressing exceeding intensity or degree, σφόδρα describes profound emotional or physical states. In the Gospels, it often portrays intense reactions to divine encounters, particularly the overwhelming joy at recognizing the Messiah.

Part of speech: Adverb

Tags: intensity, emotional response, divine encounters, joy, fear, amazement, Gospel reactions, Matthew’s Gospel, Magi, passionate faith​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​