Introduction

Understanding Greek words in Biblical studies allows for deeper comprehension of scriptural texts, bringing nuances to life that may be lost in translation. The Greek word κάρφος (karphos) is particularly significant as it appears in well-known New Testament teachings. Used in metaphorical language by Jesus, it reveals cultural and spiritual insights into ancient Greek and Jewish thought, especially around the themes of judgment, self-awareness, and hypocrisy.

Key Information

• The Greek Word: κάρφος, transliterated as karphos, pronounced [KAR-phos].
• Etymology: Likely derived from a root meaning “dry” or “withered,” referring to a dry stalk or twig.
• Part of Speech: Noun, neuter gender; typically used in the singular form.
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• A small particle of straw or wood, splinter.
• Something insignificant, representing minor faults or errors.

Similar Words: δοκός (dokos) [do-KOS] is a related Greek word meaning “beam” or “log.” While κάρφος refers to a small particle or splinter, δοκός represents something much larger. This contrast is famously used in Matthew 7:3-5 to illustrate the hypocrisy of focusing on the small faults of others while ignoring one’s own greater faults.

Further Insights: κάρφος is a neuter noun and is primarily found in a metaphorical context. It does not have extensive declension forms since it mainly appears in its nominative or accusative singular forms. The word’s diminutive nature emphasizes its role in biblical metaphor, contrasting the minor with the significant in moral teachings.

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Lexicon Insights

• BDAG: Defines κάρφος as “a small dry particle, splinter,” emphasizing its use in a metaphorical sense to highlight insignificant issues.
• Thayers: Provides a similar definition, noting that κάρφος often symbolizes minor faults or irritations in comparison to more substantial problems.
• Vines: Points out the contrast between κάρφος and δοκός in Jesus’ teachings, underscoring the importance of self-reflection over judgment of others.
• LSJ: A more classical perspective shows κάρφος as “a dry stalk” or “chip of wood,” without the metaphorical overlay present in biblical texts.
• Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Lists κάρφος as G2595, primarily focusing on its metaphorical usage within the New Testament.

Related Scripture References

• Matthew 7:3: “Why do you look at the speck [κάρφος] that is in your brother’s eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye?”
• Luke 6:41: “Why do you look at the speck [κάρφος] in your brother’s eye, but fail to notice the beam in your own eye?”

Classical Usage

Summary of κάρφος (G2595)

The Greek word κάρφος (karphos) offers rich insight into the New Testament’s moral and ethical teachings. As a term denoting a “speck” or “small particle,” it serves as a powerful metaphor for small faults or minor issues in contrast to larger, more glaring faults. This metaphor is foundational in Jesus’ teachings on judgment and self-awareness, encouraging followers to examine themselves before casting judgment on others.

Did You Know?

• The metaphor of κάρφος and δοκός has been widely discussed in theological studies to address issues of hypocrisy and moral integrity.
• In classical Greek texts, κάρφος is often used to describe something insignificant but still potentially irritating.
• The word κάρφος was also used by early church fathers in their writings to discuss human fallibility and the need for humility.