Introduction

Understanding Greek words in Biblical studies is crucial for uncovering the deeper meanings within Scripture. The Greek word ἥττημα (hēttēma), meaning “defeat” or “loss,” provides significant insights into New Testament teachings on spiritual failure, moral shortcomings, and the consequences of sin. It captures the essence of being spiritually or morally “less” or experiencing some form of loss or failure. This term is vital for interpreting passages that deal with ethical failings and the need for repentance and restoration in the life of believers.

Key Information

• The Greek Word: ἥττημα (hēttēma), pronounced [HAYT-tay-mah].
• Etymology: Derived from the root ἡττάομαι (hēttaomai), meaning “to be inferior,” “to be defeated,” or “to yield.”
• Part of Speech: Noun; neuter gender. It follows the third declension pattern in Koine Greek.
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• Defeat: Generally used to describe a loss or failure in a struggle, whether physical, moral, or spiritual.
• Loss or Shortcoming: Refers to a deficiency or failure, often in a spiritual or moral sense.

Similar Words: ἥττημα (hēttēma) is related to ἡττάομαι (hēttaomai), which is the verb form meaning “to be defeated” or “to yield.” While ἡττάομαι focuses on the action of being defeated, ἥττημα emphasizes the result or consequence of that defeat—a tangible “loss” or “shortcoming.” Another related word is ἀποτυχία (apotychia), pronounced [ah-poh-too-KHEE-ah], meaning “failure” or “misfortune,” which is more focused on the outcome of an event rather than the state of being.

Further Insights: ἥττημα (hēttēma) is a third declension noun in Greek, often appearing in contexts discussing moral or spiritual shortcomings. Below is the full declension chart for ἥττημα (hēttēma) in the singular and plural forms:

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Lexicon Insights

BDAG: The BDAG Lexicon defines ἥττημα (hēttēma) as “defeat” or “loss” and often in the sense of a moral or spiritual defeat. It is used in contexts that emphasize a deficiency or lack in character or spiritual strength.

Thayers: Thayer’s Lexicon describes ἥττημα (hēttēma) as a noun denoting a “failure” or “defeat,” especially in moral or ethical contexts. Thayer notes its application in describing the outcome of a believer’s struggle with sin or temptation.

Vines: Vine’s Expository Dictionary emphasizes the term’s use to denote a “moral shortcoming” or “failure.” It suggests that ἥττημα (hēttēma) often refers to instances where an individual or group does not live up to divine standards.

LSJ: The Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon provides an extended definition of ἥττημα (hēttēma), noting its use in classical Greek literature to describe both physical defeat and intellectual or philosophical shortcomings.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Strong’s Concordance lists ἥττημα (hēttēma) as G2275, focusing on its use to express a sense of loss or deficiency. It is noted for its application in contexts of spiritual or moral inferiority.

Related Scripture References

• Romans 11:12: “Now if their fall is riches for the world, and their failure [ἥττημα] riches for the Gentiles, how much more their fullness!”
  (This passage uses ἥττημα to describe the “failure” or “shortcoming” of Israel, highlighting how even a perceived spiritual defeat can lead to greater divine purposes.)

Classical Usage

Summary of ἥττημα (G2275: hēttēma)

The Greek word ἥττημα (hēttēma), meaning “defeat” or “loss,” is a critical term in both New Testament and classical literature. It is often used to express moral or spiritual deficiencies, making it highly relevant for understanding passages that address sin, failure, and the need for restoration. Recognizing its implications helps readers gain a deeper comprehension of biblical teachings on human imperfection and divine redemption.

Did You Know?

• ἥττημα (hēttēma) is closely related to ἡττάομαι (hēttaomai), the verb form meaning “to be defeated,” and this relationship helps capture both the action and the result of moral and spiritual struggles.
• The term is also used in philosophical contexts by thinkers like Plato to discuss ethical and intellectual “defeats,” showing its broad applicability in both spiritual and secular discourse.
• In Greek thought, experiencing a ἥττημα was not just a physical defeat but could signify deeper philosophical or moral failings that required introspection and growth.

This overview provides a comprehensive understanding of ἥττημα (hēttēma), enriching one’s study of biblical and classical Greek literature.