Introduction:

Understanding Greek conjunctions and phrases is vital for accurate Biblical interpretation, as these small words often carry significant meaning in the New Testament. The phrase εἰ δὲ μή (γε) (ei dè mḗ (ge)) is particularly noteworthy because it introduces an alternative condition or scenario in a discussion, often contrasting with what has been previously stated. This phrase is essential for comprehending complex arguments or instructions in the New Testament, especially in passages where different outcomes or responses are considered. Its usage reflects the intricate nature of Greek rhetoric and the careful construction of theological and philosophical arguments in the ancient world.

Key Information:

• Greek Word: εἰ δὲ μή (γε) (ei dè mḗ (ge)) [AY deh MAY (geh)]
• Etymology: A combination of εἰ (ei, “if”), δέ (dé, “but”), μή (mē, “not”), and optionally γε (ge, an emphatic particle).
• Part of Speech: Conjunction phrase
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon

Primary Meanings:

• But if not
• Otherwise
• If on the other hand, not

Similar Words:

• εἰ δὲ μή (ei dè mē) [AY deh MAY]: A simpler form of the phrase without the emphatic particle γε, still conveying the meaning “but if not” or “otherwise.”
• ἐάν δὲ μή (eán dè mē) [eh-AN deh MAY]: Another similar phrase that introduces an alternative or contrasting condition, often translated as “if otherwise” or “but if not.”
• ἄλλως (állos) [AL-lohs]: A single word meaning “otherwise,” often used to express an alternative outcome or situation.

Further Insights:

• Morphology:
• The phrase εἰ δὲ μή (γε) is a combination of conjunctions and particles. εἰ introduces a conditional clause, δὲ adds contrast (“but”), and μή negates the condition. The particle γε, when included, adds emphasis to the statement.
• This phrase is used to present an alternative scenario, typically after a condition has been stated, and suggests a different outcome if the initial condition is not met.

Lexicon Insights:

BDAG:
BDAG defines εἰ δὲ μή (γε) as a conjunction phrase meaning “but if not” or “otherwise,” used to introduce a contrasting condition or scenario. The phrase often signals a shift in the argument or instruction, emphasizing the alternative outcome.

Thayer’s:
Thayer’s lexicon notes that εἰ δὲ μή (γε) serves as a critical phrase in Greek syntax, particularly in arguments where a primary condition is contrasted with an alternative. The phrase adds a layer of conditionality and often implies that the alternative is a significant possibility.

Vine’s:
Vine’s Expository Dictionary highlights the importance of εἰ δὲ μή (γε) in New Testament discourse, where it is used to introduce alternative scenarios or commands. The inclusion of γε adds a subtle emphasis, indicating the seriousness or likelihood of the alternative condition.

LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones):
The LSJ lexicon traces the phrase’s use in classical Greek literature, where it was employed similarly to introduce alternative scenarios in philosophical, legal, and rhetorical contexts. The phrase is essential for constructing arguments that consider multiple potential outcomes.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance:
Strong’s Concordance lists εἰ δὲ μή (γε) as a conjunction phrase meaning “but if not” or “otherwise.” The phrase is recognized for its role in providing alternatives or contrasting scenarios within Greek sentences, crucial for understanding the logical flow of New Testament passages.

Scripture References:

• Luke 13:9: “And if it bears fruit, well; but if not (εἰ δὲ μή), you can cut it down.”
• 1 Corinthians 7:11: “But if she does leave, she must remain unmarried, or else (εἰ δὲ μή) be reconciled to her husband.”
• Galatians 2:17: “But if, while seeking to be justified in Christ, we ourselves have also been found sinners, is Christ then a servant of sin? May it never be! Otherwise (εἰ δὲ μή), if I rebuild what I have once destroyed, I prove myself to be a transgressor.”

Classical Usage:

Summary of εἰ δὲ μή (γε) (G1490: ei dè mḗ (ge))

The phrase εἰ δὲ μή (γε) (ei dè mḗ (ge)) is a crucial conjunction in the New Testament, used to introduce alternative or contrasting conditions. Translating to “but if not,” “otherwise,” or “if on the other hand, not,” this phrase helps articulate multiple possible outcomes or commands within a passage. Understanding this phrase is essential for interpreting the logical structure and rhetorical strategies of New Testament authors. Its use in classical Greek literature shows that it was a common tool in argumentation, reflecting the careful consideration of alternative scenarios in philosophical and rhetorical contexts.

Did You Know?

The inclusion of the particle γε in the phrase εἰ δὲ μή (γε) can add subtle emphasis, highlighting the seriousness or importance of the alternative condition. This small addition can shift the tone of a passage, making it crucial for translators and interpreters to consider its presence when working with New Testament texts. The phrase’s roots in classical Greek also illustrate how New Testament writers were influenced by broader Greek rhetorical traditions.