Transliteration and Meaning:
The Greek word γαμέω (transliterated as Gameō and pronounced gah-MEH-oh) is a verb that primarily means “to marry” or “to take a wife.” The word comes from a root that is linked to marriage and marital union, indicating the act of entering into a marriage contract or covenant. In its usage, γαμέω is generally applied to the action taken by a man when he marries a woman, though it can also have broader connotations relating to marriage in general.

Lexical Insights and Biblical Usage:
In the New Testament, γαμέω is commonly used in contexts relating to marriage, both literally and metaphorically. According to BDAG (Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich), γαμέω specifically denotes the act of marrying or the state of being married, and it often appears in passages dealing with marriage laws, the responsibilities of spouses, and teachings on marriage and divorce.

Thayer’s Greek Lexicon supports this interpretation, noting that γαμέω is used to describe both the action of taking a wife and the ongoing state of being married. The word is also found in discussions about the moral and social obligations associated with marriage, reflecting its importance in both personal and community life.

Key biblical verses where γαμέω is used include:

• Matthew 22:30: “For in the resurrection they neither marry (γαμέω) nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven.”
• Luke 20:34: “And Jesus said to them, ‘The sons of this age marry (γαμέω) and are given in marriage.'”
• 1 Corinthians 7:9: “But if they cannot exercise self-control, they should marry (γαμέω). For it is better to marry than to burn with passion.”

These verses illustrate how γαμέω is employed to discuss the concept of marriage, both in the context of earthly life and in eschatological teachings.

Classical Greek Usage:
In classical Greek literature, γαμέω was used similarly to denote marriage. The word appears in various contexts in ancient texts, reflecting the societal norms and expectations surrounding marriage.

1. Homer’s “Iliad”: In the epic, the word is used to describe the marriages of noble characters, often highlighting the alliances formed through marriage.
2. Sophocles’ “Antigone”: The term is employed in discussions about the duties of family and the significance of marriage in preserving social order.
3. Plato’s “Laws”: In this philosophical work, γαμέω is discussed in the context of the laws governing marriage, underscoring the importance of marriage in the structure of the state.

These examples from classical literature demonstrate that γαμέω was a common term with significant cultural and social implications, much like its usage in the New Testament.

Summary:
The word γαμέω (Gameō), as found in the Greek New Testament and classical literature, primarily denotes the act of marrying or entering into a marital union. It is used in the New Testament to discuss various aspects of marriage, from the practical considerations of marital life to theological discussions about the nature of marriage in the resurrection. Lexicons like BDAG and Thayer’s Greek Lexicon emphasize its usage in both literal and metaphorical contexts. In classical Greek literature, γαμέω similarly appears in contexts that highlight the importance of marriage in society. Understanding this term provides valuable insights into the cultural and religious significance of marriage in both ancient Greek society and the New Testament world.