1. Overview

Βλέπω (Blépō, pronounced BLEH-poh) is a Greek verb primarily meaning “to see,” “to look at,” or “to perceive.” The word blépō is foundational in the Greek language, often used to describe the basic act of seeing or noticing something. It can also carry the connotation of becoming aware of or considering something, often implying an intentional or focused act of looking. The root of blépō lies in the broader semantic field of vision, observation, and perception, making it a versatile term in both everyday and literary contexts.

2. Detailed Description

In BDAG (Bauer-Danker-Arndt-Gingrich), blépō is extensively discussed, with meanings ranging from the simple physical act of seeing to more metaphorical uses such as “to perceive” or “to understand.” BDAG highlights that blépō can be used in contexts where the emphasis is on the ability to see (as opposed to blindness) or on the act of paying attention to something specific. For example, in passages where Jesus calls for people to “see” or “look,” blépō is often the verb used, underscoring the importance of what is being observed.

Thayer’s Greek Lexicon defines blépō similarly, noting that it can mean “to see,” “to observe,” or “to discern.” Thayer’s emphasizes the verb’s usage in the New Testament where it frequently refers to not just seeing with the eyes, but also perceiving or recognizing something on a deeper level. This lexicon also points out that blépō can imply a warning or an instruction to be vigilant, as in “take heed” or “beware.”

Vine’s Expository Dictionary further elaborates on blépō by distinguishing its use in various contexts. Vine’s points out that blépō can refer to both literal sight and figurative insight, where the act of seeing leads to understanding or awareness. This dual meaning is particularly important in scriptural contexts where seeing is often linked to spiritual perception or revelation.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance lists blépō under G991 and provides a broad definition: “to look (at something),” “to behold,” “to perceive.” Strong’s emphasizes the verb’s versatility, showing that it can be used in a range of contexts from simple observation to more complex cognitive processes like understanding or considering.

3. Usage in Classical Greek Literature

Blépō appears frequently in classical Greek literature, often in contexts that emphasize the importance of sight and perception. Here are three examples:

1. Homer’s “Odyssey”: The verb blépō is used to describe the act of seeing, especially in moments of realization or recognition. For example, when Odysseus reveals his identity, the act of seeing him—blépō—carries significant emotional and narrative weight.
2. Herodotus’ “Histories”: In historical accounts, blépō is often employed to describe the act of witnesses seeing events unfold. Herodotus uses the term to highlight the importance of firsthand observation in the recording of history.
3. Sophocles’ “Oedipus Rex”: The theme of sight and blindness is central to this tragedy, with blépō being used to emphasize moments of insight or the lack thereof. The tension between seeing and understanding is a crucial element of the play’s narrative.

These examples illustrate that blépō is not just about physical sight but also about perception, recognition, and understanding in a deeper sense.

4. Summary

Βλέπω (Blépō) is a fundamental Greek verb meaning “to see,” “to look at,” or “to perceive.” It is versatile, used in both literal and metaphorical contexts to describe everything from simple acts of observation to deeper insights and understandings. Lexicons such as BDAG, Thayer’s, Vine’s, and Strong’s all emphasize the dual nature of blépō, where seeing can lead to understanding or awareness. In classical Greek literature, blépō appears frequently, underscoring the importance of sight in both physical and metaphorical senses. This verb is central to many passages in the New Testament, where it often conveys not just the act of seeing but also the spiritual or cognitive implications of perceiving something significant.