1. Brief Overview:

Transliteration: archángelos

Root Words:

• ἀρχάγγελος (archángelos): Derived from ἀρχή (archē) meaning “beginning” or “chief,” and ἄγγελος (ángelos) meaning “messenger” or “angel.”

Primary Meanings:

• Chief Messenger: Refers to a principal or high-ranking angel or messenger.
• Archangel: A term used to denote an angel of high rank, often considered a leader among angels.

2. Detailed Description:

BDAG: BDAG defines ἀρχάγγελος as “archangel,” a high-ranking angel with a special role or authority. The term is used to indicate a chief messenger in the divine hierarchy, reflecting both authority and importance within the angelic order.

Thayer’s: Thayer’s Greek Lexicon describes ἀρχάγγελος as an “archangel” or “chief angel,” emphasizing the rank and function of this angelic being in the celestial hierarchy. It highlights the role of an archangel as distinct from other angels.

Vines: Vines’ Expository Dictionary also defines ἀρχάγγελος as “archangel,” noting that it signifies a leader among angels, often seen as having a significant role in the divine plan and communication.

LSJ: The LSJ Lexicon acknowledges ἀρχάγγελος as a term for a high-ranking angel, though it does not provide extensive additional detail beyond its definition as “chief angel” or “archangel.”

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Strong’s identifies ἀρχάγγελος as “archangel,” a term referring to a principal angel with a leading role in the angelic hierarchy. It underscores the elevated status of this angelic being.

Bible Verses:

• 1 Thessalonians 4:16 (KJV): “For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first.”
• The term ἀρχάγγελος is used to describe the “archangel” whose voice will accompany the Lord’s return.
• Jude 1:9 (KJV): “Yet Michael the archangel, when contending with the devil he disputed about the body of Moses, durst not bring against him a railing accusation, but said, The Lord rebuke thee.”
• Michael is specifically identified as ἀρχάγγελος, illustrating the role of an archangel in biblical narratives.

3. Usage in Classic Greek Literature:

In classical Greek literature, the term ἀρχάγγελος is not commonly found outside of biblical or Hellenistic Jewish contexts. It is more prevalent in religious and theological texts where angelology is discussed.

• Jewish Apocryphal Texts: The term appears in some Jewish apocryphal literature to denote high-ranking angels, similar to its biblical usage.
• Hellenistic Literature: The concept of archangels as chief messengers or leaders among angels is present in Hellenistic Jewish literature, reflecting the influence of Jewish and early Christian angelology.

4. Summary:

ἀρχάγγελος (G743: archángelos) denotes an “archangel,” a high-ranking angel or chief messenger in biblical and theological contexts. Derived from ἀρχή (beginning) and ἄγγελος (messenger), it signifies a principal angel with significant authority. BDAG, Thayer’s, Vines, and Strong’s all affirm its role as a leading angel, with specific biblical examples illustrating its use. The term is less common in classical Greek literature but is significant in religious texts where angelic hierarchy is discussed.