Brief Overview of ὁμοίωσις (Strong’s G3669: homoiosis)

Unveiling the Word

In Biblical studies, understanding Greek words is crucial for interpreting texts accurately and appreciating their cultural and historical contexts. The term ὁμοίωσις (homoiosis) appears in James 3:9, where it highlights the concept of likeness or similarity, particularly in discussions about the nature of speech and its moral implications. This term sheds light on how human actions can reflect divine attributes, which is a significant theme in both the New Testament and ancient Greek philosophy.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: ὁμοίωσις (homoiosis) [ho-my-o’-sis]

Etymology: The word derives from the root ὁμοῖος (homoios), meaning “like” or “similar,” combined with the suffix -σις (-sis), which indicates a process or action. Thus, ὁμοίωσις suggests the process of becoming similar or the state of being like something else.

Part of Speech: Noun; specifically, it is a feminine noun that denotes the action or condition of being similar or like something else.

Defining Meanings

Similarity

The primary meaning of ὁμοίωσις is “similarity,” referring to the condition or state of being alike. This can pertain to physical traits, characteristics, or behaviors that resemble one another.

Likeness

Another interpretation involves “likeness,” which can have a broader application, encompassing emotional, ethical, or spiritual dimensions. This usage often emerges in discussions about human nature and divine attributes, particularly in theological contexts.

Analogous Representation

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In a more abstract sense, ὁμοίωσις can denote an “analogous representation,” where one thing represents another due to shared qualities. This meaning plays a vital role in philosophical discourse, particularly in discussions about forms and ideas.

Exploring Similar Words

ὁμοῖος (homoios) [ho-my’-os]: This adjective means “like” or “similar” but does not convey the sense of a process or condition. Instead, it describes inherent qualities of similarity.

παρόμοιος (paromoios) [par-o-my’-os]: This term translates to “similar” as well, but it often implies a closer resemblance than ὁμοῖος, possibly indicating a finer degree of similarity.

ἀναλογία (analogía) [an-al-og-ee’-a]: Meaning “analogy” or “proportion,” this term is related but focuses more on comparative relationships rather than mere similarity. It suggests a relationship based on proportional likeness.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As a noun, ὁμοίωσις has specific morphological characteristics relevant to its grammatical use.

• Case, Number, Gender: ὁμοίωσις is typically used in the nominative case for subjects and can appear in various cases depending on its role in the sentence. It is singular and feminine.

• Declension: It belongs to the third declension class in Greek nouns.

For a more comprehensive understanding of Greek grammar, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

Insights from various Greek lexicons highlight the term ὁμοίωσις in discussions of morality and human behavior, particularly in James 3:9, where it underscores the similarity between how humans use speech and the attributes of God. The theological implications suggest that speech, a vital aspect of human interaction, can reflect both divine characteristics and human shortcomings. This understanding deepens the moral discussion surrounding communication and its effects on relationships.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

• James 3:9: “With it (the tongue) we bless our God and Father, and with it we curse men, who have been made in the likeness (ὁμοίωσις) of God.” (This verse emphasizes the importance of recognizing the similarity between humanity and the divine.)

• Romans 1:23: “And exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling (ὁμοίωσις) mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.” (Here, the concept of likeness is central to the theological argument about idolatry.)

• Philippians 2:7: “But made himself nothing, taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness (ὁμοίωσις) of men.” (The usage in this verse indicates the similarity in nature between Christ and humanity.)

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text

Plato The Republic “Justice is like (ὁμοίωσις) the harmony of the soul.”

Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics “The good life is similar (ὁμοίωσις) to the life of virtue.”

Herodotus Histories “Their customs are in likeness (ὁμοίωσις) to those of other nations.”

Septuagint Genesis 1:26 “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness (ὁμοίωσις).”

Septuagint Isaiah 40:18 “To whom then will you liken (ὁμοίωσις) God?”

Septuagint Psalms 115:8 “Those who make them become like (ὁμοίωσις) them.”

Noteworthy Summary

The term ὁμοίωσις (homoiosis) signifies a state or condition of being similar, and its application in James 3:9 reflects deep theological insights into human nature and morality. By understanding its meanings and connections to other Greek words, we can appreciate its significance in discussing the ethical implications of speech and representation of divine attributes in humanity. The exploration of its morphological features, along with its classical usage, enriches our comprehension of its role in both the New Testament and ancient Greek literature.

Did You Know?

Theological Implications: The concept of likeness is significant in Christian theology, particularly regarding the relationship between humanity and the divine, as it suggests a reflection of God’s nature in human beings.

Common Usage in Philosophy: In ancient Greek philosophy, the notion of similarity was often linked to discussions about forms and ideal representations, influencing various schools of thought.

Moral Reflection: The term is frequently associated with ethical discussions, emphasizing the importance of integrity in speech and actions as reflections of divine likeness.