Brief Overview of ὁδεύω (Strong’s G3593: hodeuō)

Unveiling the Word

The Greek word ὁδεύω (hodeuō), translated as “to journey” or “to travel,” holds special significance in Biblical studies, as it encapsulates the concept of movement, both physical and metaphorical. Its importance becomes particularly evident in the New Testament, where travel and journeying are often symbolic of spiritual growth, missionary work, and the spread of the Gospel. One such instance is found in Luke 10:33, where the Good Samaritan is described as journeying along the road before encountering the wounded man. Understanding the nuances of ὁδεύω enriches our interpretation of New Testament narratives and provides deeper insight into the ancient Greek culture, which valued journeys as significant markers of personal and communal experience.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: ὁδεύω (hodeuō), pronounced ho-deu’-ō.

Etymology: ὁδεύω derives from the noun ὁδός (hodos), meaning “road” or “way.” The verb form emphasizes the action of traveling along a road or path, implying movement, whether literal or figurative. In Greek culture, the idea of journeying was often connected with self-discovery or the pursuit of knowledge.

Part of Speech: Verb. In the context of its New Testament usage, ὁδεύω functions as an action word, describing the act of traveling. The verb’s form can vary depending on tense, voice, and mood, reflecting different types of movement or progression, whether physical, emotional, or spiritual.

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Defining Meanings

1. To Journey (Literal Movement): The primary meaning of ὁδεύω is to physically travel or journey from one place to another. This is the most common usage in both classical Greek and the New Testament. In Luke 10:33, the Samaritan “as he journeyed” (ὁδεύων) found the wounded man, highlighting the literal travel aspect.

2. To Progress (Metaphorical Journey): ὁδεύω also carries metaphorical connotations, particularly in the New Testament. It can represent a spiritual or moral journey, reflecting an individual’s progress in faith or in fulfilling a divine calling.

3. To Travel with Purpose: In some contexts, ὁδεύω implies a purposeful journey, one undertaken with intent or mission. This is significant in many New Testament passages where journeys are tied to spreading the Gospel or fulfilling God’s will.

Exploring Similar Words

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1. πορεύομαι (poreuomai) [pronunciation: po-reu’-o-mai]: Meaning “to go” or “to proceed,” this word is often used in a broader sense than ὁδεύω, focusing more on the act of going rather than the journey itself.

2. βαδίζω (badizō) [pronunciation: ba-dee’-zo]: This verb means “to walk” or “to go by foot.” While similar to ὁδεύω, it specifically refers to walking rather than journeying in a broader sense.

3. ἐκπορεύομαι (ekporeuomai) [pronunciation: ek-po-reu’-o-mai]: A compound verb meaning “to go out” or “to depart,” often used to describe someone leaving a place with intent or purpose. It differs from ὁδεύω in its emphasis on the action of leaving rather than the journey itself.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As a verb, ὁδεύω can take various forms depending on tense, voice, and mood. In the New Testament, it is most often found in the present or aorist tense, indicating either ongoing action or a simple past action of journeying.

• Present Active Indicative: ὁδεύω (I journey), ὁδεύεις (you journey), ὁδεύει (he/she journeys)

• Aorist Active Indicative: ὡδεύσα (I journeyed), ὡδεύσας (you journeyed), ὡδεύσεν (he/she journeyed)

• Present Participle: ὁδεύων (journeying)

These forms help to convey the sense of the action within its temporal and contextual framework, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of the word’s use in different passages.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

Across Greek lexicons, ὁδεύω is consistently noted as a verb of movement, with both literal and metaphorical applications. In classical Greek literature, it frequently refers to physical travel, particularly in epic narratives where journeys symbolize transformation or fulfillment of destiny. In the New Testament, the word takes on deeper theological meaning, representing the journey of faith, spiritual progress, or missionary work. Lexicons such as BDAG and Thayer’s highlight its significance in passages like Luke 10:33, where the Samaritan’s journey becomes a pivotal moment of compassion and action.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Luke 10:33: “But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed (ὁδεύων), came where he was: and when he saw him, he had compassion on him.”

2. Acts 8:36: “And as they went on their way (ὁδεύοντες), they came unto a certain water: and the eunuch said, See, here is water; what doth hinder me to be baptized?”

3. Acts 9:3: “And as he journeyed (ὁδεύων), he came near Damascus: and suddenly there shined round about him a light from heaven.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work Text

Homer Odyssey “As they journeyed (ὁδεύοντες) toward the island of Ithaca…”

Herodotus Histories “The army journeyed (ὁδεύει) through the lands of Persia.”

Septuagint Exodus “And they journeyed (ὁδεύοντες) through the wilderness toward the promised land.”

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek verb ὁδεύω, meaning “to journey” or “to travel,” is a significant term in both classical and biblical contexts. Its usage in the New Testament, particularly in the story of the Good Samaritan, carries both literal and metaphorical meanings, emphasizing the journey of faith and compassion. Understanding the nuances of ὁδεύω enriches our reading of the New Testament and provides deeper insight into the theme of purposeful travel in ancient Greek literature.

Did You Know?

1. In ancient Greek literature, journeying was often associated with heroic quests, where the physical journey mirrored an inner transformation.

2. The root word ὁδός (hodos) also appears in “The Way” (ὁδός), which was one of the earliest terms used to describe the Christian faith.

3. ὁδεύω appears in several Septuagint passages to describe the Israelites’ journey through the wilderness, symbolizing their spiritual pilgrimage toward the Promised Land.