Brief Overview of ὅραμα (Strong’s G3705: hōrama)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words is vital for Biblical studies as they often encapsulate profound meanings that enhance the interpretation of scriptural texts. The word ὅραμα (hōrama) is particularly significant, appearing in the New Testament, such as in Matthew 17:9, where it is associated with visions and revelations. Its importance lies not only in its literal meaning of “vision” but also in its broader implications regarding divine communication and insight in ancient Greek culture. By examining this term, scholars and students can gain a deeper appreciation for how vision shaped spiritual experiences and understandings in both the early Christian community and the wider Greco-Roman world.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: ὅραμα (hōrama) [HOH-rah-mah]

Etymology: The term ὅραμα is derived from the verb ὁράω (horáō), which means “to see” or “to perceive.” It emphasizes the act of seeing and the resulting visual experience, which is central to its meaning.

Part of Speech: Noun. It is a neuter noun and typically refers to a vision or sight, particularly in a spiritual or revelatory context.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

Vision: The primary meaning of ὅραμα is “vision,” signifying a sight that is often extraordinary or supernatural. This usage underscores the significance of divine revelations, dreams, and insights that transcend ordinary perception.

Revelation: It can also imply a “revelation” or an enlightening experience where deeper truths are disclosed. This aspect highlights its importance in the context of prophetic and theological discourses.

Sight or Appearance: Additionally, ὅραμα can refer to a general sight or appearance, encompassing both physical visions and metaphorical insights. This broader interpretation allows for a variety of applications in literature and theology.

Exploring Similar Words

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ὅρασις (hórasis) [HOH-ra-sis]: This term means “sight” or “vision” in a more general sense. While ὅραμα emphasizes the content of the vision, ὅρασις focuses on the ability to see or perceive.

φαντασία (phantasía) [fan-ta-SEE-ah]: This word translates to “fantasy” or “imagination.” Unlike ὅραμα, which pertains to actual visions, φαντασία often involves mental constructs or illusions rather than divine revelation.

ὀπτασία (optasía) [op-ta-SEE-ah]: Meaning “vision” or “appearance,” this term is often associated with dreams or phantoms. It shares similarities with ὅραμα but may carry connotations of less clarity or substance.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As a neuter noun, ὅραμα has specific morphological characteristics.

Case, Number, Gender: ὅραμα can appear in various grammatical cases, such as nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative. It is singular and neuter in gender.

Declension: The word belongs to the third declension class, which typically includes neuter nouns ending in -μα.

For further insights into Greek grammar, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

Insights from various Greek lexicons highlight the multifaceted nature of ὅραμα. BDAG notes its primary meaning as “vision,” especially in contexts where divine revelations occur. Thayer’s emphasizes its role in prophetic literature, where visions convey crucial messages from God. LSJ discusses its broader applications in literature, demonstrating how it captures not just physical sights but also metaphorical meanings. Vine’s highlights its theological implications, particularly in relation to the experience of the divine and the understanding of truth. Moulton and Milligan explore its usage in early Christian writings, illustrating its significance in depicting spiritual encounters and divine messages. This synthesis shows how ὅραμα functions as a crucial link between the divine and human experience.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

• Matthew 17:9: “And as they came down from the mountain, Jesus charged them, saying, Tell the vision (ὅραμα) to no man, until the Son of man be risen again from the dead.”

• Acts 10:3: “He saw in a vision (ὅραμα) evidently about the ninth hour of the day an angel of God coming in to him, and saying unto him, Cornelius.”

• Acts 10:17: “Now while Peter doubted in himself what this vision (ὅραμα) which he had seen should mean, behold, the men which were sent from Cornelius had made inquiry for Simon’s house, and stood before the gate.”

• Revelation 9:17: “And thus I saw the horses in the vision (ὅραμα), and them that sat on them, having breastplates of fire, and of jacinth, and brimstone.”

• Revelation 15:1: “And I saw another sign in heaven, great and marvelous, seven angels having the seven last plagues; for in them is filled up the wrath of God” (ὅραμα).

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text with the Greek Word

Homer Iliad “And the vision (ὅραμα) appeared to him in the dream.”

Plato Republic “In a vision (ὅραμα), he saw the forms of justice.”

Herodotus Histories “And he reported the vision (ὅραμα) to the people.”

Septuagint Genesis 15:1 “After these things the word of the Lord came to Abram in a vision (ὅραμα).”

Septuagint Isaiah 1:1 “The vision (ὅραμα) of Isaiah, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.”

Septuagint Ezekiel 1:1 “In the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, in the fifth day of the month, as I was among the captives by the river of Chebar, the heavens were opened, and I saw visions (ὅραμα) of God.”

Noteworthy Summary

In summary, the word ὅραμα (hōrama) represents a vital concept in both biblical and classical literature, encompassing the meanings of vision, revelation, and sight. Its usage in the New Testament highlights the significance of divine communication and insight, particularly in prophetic contexts. By exploring its meanings, morphology, and scriptural references, readers can appreciate how ὅραμα serves as a bridge between the human and divine, enriching our understanding of spiritual experiences in the early Christian community and the broader Greek literary tradition.

Did You Know?

Divine Communication: In biblical texts, visions are often a means of divine communication, allowing God to convey messages and instructions to His people.

Cultural Relevance: In ancient Greek culture, visions held significant importance, often associated with prophetic insights and divine omens, influencing decision-making and societal actions.

Artistic Representations: The concept of vision (ὅραμα) has inspired countless artistic representations throughout history, depicting the transformative power of divine encounters and revelations.