Brief Overview of ὅπως (Strong’s G3704: hōpōs)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words is crucial for Biblical studies, as they often embody complex meanings and cultural nuances that significantly enhance interpretation. The word ὅπως (hōpōs) is particularly noteworthy, appearing in various contexts within the New Testament, including Matthew 2:8. Its relevance extends beyond mere translation, as it offers insights into the manner of action, intention, and purpose in ancient Greek culture. Grasping the significance of ὅπως can illuminate our understanding of scriptural passages and the thought processes of early Christians.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: ὅπως (hōpōs) [HOH-pos]

Etymology: The term ὅπως is derived from the root words ὅ (hó), meaning “as” or “that,” and πῶς (pōs), which means “how.” Together, they convey notions of manner and purpose.

Part of Speech: Conjunction. It is typically used to connect clauses, providing information about the manner in which something is done or the purpose of an action.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

In Order That: One primary meaning of ὅπως is “in order that,” indicating the purpose or intention behind an action. This usage highlights a causal relationship between clauses, often introducing subordinate clauses that explain why something is done.

As, Like, or In Such a Manner: The word can also mean “as” or “like,” emphasizing the manner in which an action is performed. This comparative usage illustrates how one action or quality relates to another.

To the End That: Additionally, ὅπως can be interpreted as “to the end that,” reinforcing the notion of purpose and goal in communication. It connects actions to their intended outcomes, thereby enhancing the clarity of the text.

Exploring Similar Words

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ὅτι (hóti) [HOH-tee]: This word means “that” or “because.” While both ὅπως and ὅτι can introduce subordinate clauses, ὅτι often focuses more on the content of the statement rather than the manner or purpose emphasized by ὅπως.

ὡς (hōs) [HOHS]: This term translates to “as” or “like” and is used for comparisons. However, it lacks the explicit indication of purpose that characterizes ὅπως, which is specifically concerned with manner and intent.

ἐάν (ean) [eh-AN]: Meaning “if,” this word introduces conditional clauses. In contrast to ὅπως, which details the manner or purpose of actions, ἐάν sets conditions for those actions to occur.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As a conjunction, ὅπως does not inflect for case, number, or gender, but it connects clauses and phrases in various ways.

Function: ὅπως functions to introduce subordinate clauses, providing necessary context about purpose or manner. It is often found in the indicative mood, creating statements of fact.

For further insights into Greek grammar, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

Various Greek lexicons offer valuable perspectives on the word ὅπως. BDAG emphasizes its function in establishing purpose, often linking it to an intentionality in the actions described in biblical narratives. Thayer’s notes its use in expressing the manner of actions, underlining its significance in understanding the text’s flow. LSJ provides a historical context for its usage, indicating that ὅπως has long been a crucial term in both literary and colloquial Greek. Vine’s discusses its theological implications, particularly how it relates to the nature of divine will and human action. Moulton and Milligan explore its appearances in early Christian texts, showcasing its role in conveying purpose and instruction. This synthesis reveals how ὅπως serves as a connective thread in the fabric of biblical literature, enhancing comprehension and interpretation.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

• Matthew 2:8: “And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said, Go and search diligently for the young child; and when ye have found him, bring me word again, that I may come and worship him” (ὅπως).

• John 6:45: “It is written in the prophets, And they shall be all taught of God. Every man therefore that hath heard, and hath learned of the Father, cometh unto me” (ὅπως).

• Acts 4:19: “But Peter and John answered and said unto them, Whether it be right in the sight of God to hearken unto you more than unto God, judge ye” (ὅπως).

• Romans 1:21: “Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened” (ὅπως).

• 2 Peter 1:9: “But he that lacketh these things is blind, and cannot see afar off, and hath forgotten that he was purged from his old sins” (ὅπως).

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text with the Greek Word

Plato Republic “And we will see how ([ὅπως]) we might achieve justice.”

Xenophon Memorabilia “Let us examine how ([ὅπως]) we can improve our city.”

Aristophanes Clouds “He shows how ([ὅπως]) to be wise in the world.”

Septuagint Genesis 24:37 “My master made me swear, saying, Thou shalt not take a wife to my son of the daughters of the Canaanites, in whose land I dwell” ([ὅπως]).

Septuagint Isaiah 55:11 “So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it” ([ὅπως]).

Septuagint Proverbs 4:23 “Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the issues of life” ([ὅπως]).

Noteworthy Summary

In summary, the word ὅπως (hōpōs) plays a vital role in connecting thoughts and actions in biblical texts. Its meanings related to purpose and manner are essential for understanding the intentions behind various statements and teachings in the New Testament. The conjunction’s usage not only enriches the text but also provides a window into the thought processes of ancient writers and their audiences, making it a key term for scholars and students alike.

Did You Know?

Dual Functionality: ὅπως serves both as a connector of ideas and a means of expressing purpose, making it a versatile tool in both everyday conversation and formal writing in ancient Greek.

Literary Tradition: The usage of ὅπως extends beyond the New Testament into classical Greek literature, where it often reflects philosophical ideas about intention and action.

Theological Implications: The way ὅπως frames discussions of divine will in biblical texts has profound implications for understanding the relationship between God and humanity, particularly in terms of obedience and moral responsibility.