Brief Overview of ὁμοῦ (Strong’s G3674: homou)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words in Biblical studies is crucial for accurately interpreting the text and its meanings. The nuances embedded in Greek terms often provide insights that go beyond simple translations. One such word is ὁμοῦ, found in John 4:36, which highlights themes of togetherness, cooperation, and community. This term not only enriches our understanding of the New Testament but also sheds light on ancient Greek cultural practices and social dynamics. The study of ὁμοῦ allows readers to appreciate the emphasis on unity and shared purpose in early Christian teachings, reflecting the collective spirit of the community during that time.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: ὁμοῦ (homou)

Pronunciation Guide: hoh-MOO

Etymology: The word ὁμοῦ is derived from the root ὁμός (homos), which means “same” or “common.” This root forms the foundation of the word’s meaning, indicating proximity and shared actions among individuals or groups. The prefix reflects the significance of unity and commonality in both social interactions and spiritual teachings.

Part of Speech: Adverb. As an adverb, ὁμοῦ modifies verbs and expresses notions of simultaneous or shared action, as well as physical or metaphorical closeness in context.

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Defining Meanings

Meaning 1: Together, in the same place. This primary meaning refers to the physical proximity of people or objects, emphasizing their shared location.

Meaning 2: At the same time; concurrently. This meaning emphasizes actions occurring simultaneously, showcasing the interconnectedness of events.

Meaning 3: With one mind or purpose. This highlights unity of intention among a group, often in the context of collective actions or decisions.

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Exploring Similar Words

ἅμα (hama) : This adverb means “together” or “at the same time,” similar to ὁμοῦ. However, it tends to emphasize simultaneity over physical location.

συν (syn) : This preposition translates to “with” or “together with” and emphasizes association. Unlike ὁμοῦ, it is often used in compound forms to indicate a relationship rather than physical proximity.

ἑνίᾳ (henia) : This term means “in union” or “in agreement,” focusing more on mental or spiritual unity rather than mere physical presence.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender: As an adverb, ὁμοῦ does not have a case, number, or gender since it modifies verbs rather than serving as a noun or adjective. Its function is to indicate relationships in time and space.

Declension: ὁμοῦ is not subject to declension, as it does not fit the noun or adjective categories. Instead, it remains consistent in form regardless of its use in sentences.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

The word ὁμοῦ carries significant implications in both New Testament and classical contexts. In John 4:36, it underscores the collective efforts of the disciples in harvesting spiritual fruit, illustrating how their unity in purpose is essential for the mission of spreading the Gospel. Theologically, the use of ὁμοῦ reinforces the concept of community in faith, where individual efforts are magnified when working together toward a common goal.

In classical literature, this word often appears in contexts that discuss shared experiences or actions among groups, suggesting a deep-rooted cultural value placed on community and collaboration. The integration of ὁμοῦ in both religious and secular writings highlights the importance of togetherness in ancient Greek society, where communal activities were vital for social cohesion.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

John 4:36: “And already the reaper is receiving wages and gathering fruit for eternal life, so that the sower and reaper may rejoice together [ὁμοῦ].”

This verse illustrates the joy of cooperation and shared success in spiritual endeavors, emphasizing the connection between those who sow and those who reap.

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text

Plato The Republic “The guardians of the city must be educated to act together (ὁμοῦ) for the common good.”

Xenophon Memorabilia “They discussed the matters of state with one purpose (ὁμοῦ) in mind, aiming for unity.”

Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics “Friends must work together (ὁμοῦ) to achieve happiness, as joy is enhanced by shared experiences.”

Septuagint Isaiah 41:6 “Everyone helped his neighbor and said to his brother, ‘Be strong!’ together (ὁμοῦ).”

Septuagint Exodus 17:12 “But Moses’ hands were heavy; so they took a stone and put it under him, and he sat on it; and Aaron and Hur supported him together (ὁμοῦ) on his hands.”

Septuagint 1 Samuel 11:7 “And he took a yoke of oxen and cut them in pieces, and sent them throughout the territory of Israel by the hand of messengers, saying, ‘Whoever does not come out after Saul and Samuel, so it shall be done to his oxen.’ And the fear of the Lord fell on the people, and they came out together (ὁμοῦ) with one consent.”

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word ὁμοῦ is an important term in both the New Testament and classical literature, highlighting themes of unity and cooperation. Its meanings of togetherness, simultaneity, and common purpose enrich our understanding of early Christian teachings and the social fabric of ancient Greek culture. By examining its morphological features, lexical insights, and scriptural occurrences, we appreciate how ὁμοῦ encapsulates the essence of community in both spiritual and secular contexts.

Did You Know?

• The term ὁμοῦ emphasizes not just physical closeness but also shared goals and actions, reflecting the values of early Christians who worked collectively to spread their message.

• In John 4:36, the use of ὁμοῦ illustrates the joy of collaboration in spiritual endeavors, indicating that success is best experienced when shared with others.

• Greek culture placed a high value on communal activities, which were seen as essential for maintaining social order and fostering relationships among individuals.