Brief Overview of ὁμοιοπαθής (Strong’s G3663: homoipathēs)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words is fundamental in Biblical studies, as they often encapsulate rich meanings that can significantly influence interpretation. The term ὁμοιοπαθής (homoipathēs) is particularly significant as it appears in Acts 14:15, where Paul and Barnabas are referred to as “men with the same nature” as the people. This word emphasizes commonality in experience and suffering, drawing attention to the shared humanity between the apostles and the audience. By exploring ὁμοιοπαθής, we can gain insights into the early Christian message about empathy, compassion, and the human condition, reflecting broader themes of solidarity in both the New Testament and ancient Greek culture.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: ὁμοιοπαθής (homoipathēs) [ho-my-o-path-ace’]

Etymology: The term is a compound of ὁμοῖος (homoios), meaning “similar” or “like,” and πάθος (pathos), meaning “suffering” or “experience.” Thus, ὁμοιοπαθής translates literally to “similar in suffering” or “having like passions,” indicating shared experiences or emotions among individuals.

Part of Speech: Adjective; it describes a characteristic of being similar in emotional or physical experiences.

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Defining Meanings

Similar in Suffering

The primary meaning of ὁμοιοπαθής is “similar in suffering” or “having the same feelings.” This term indicates a shared emotional or experiential state, highlighting the common challenges and adversities faced by individuals.

Empathetic

In a broader context, ὁμοιοπαθής can denote a sense of empathy or understanding among individuals who have endured similar hardships. It emphasizes the relational aspect of suffering and how it can foster deeper connections between people.

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Common Nature

The term can also imply a shared human nature, suggesting that despite differences in status or role, all individuals possess similar feelings and experiences, which contribute to their shared humanity.

Exploring Similar Words

πάθος (pathos) [path’-os]: This term means “suffering” or “passion.” While ὁμοιοπαθής indicates shared experiences of suffering, πάθος refers to the experience itself, focusing on emotional or physical pain.

συμπάθεια (sympatheia) [soom-path’-ay-ah]: Meaning “sympathy” or “compassion,” this term relates to the shared feelings of others. While ὁμοιοπαθής emphasizes a similar experience, συμπάθεια focuses on the emotional response to another’s suffering.

ὁμοῖος (homoios) [ho-my’-os]: This adjective means “similar” or “like.” It denotes resemblance but does not necessarily imply the shared experiences of suffering that ὁμοιοπαθής conveys.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As an adjective, ὁμοιοπαθής has specific morphological characteristics relevant to its grammatical use.

Case, Number, Gender: As an adjective, ὁμοιοπαθής can agree with nouns in case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative), number (singular, plural), and gender (masculine, feminine, neuter).

Declension: The term typically follows the patterns of third declension adjectives, adapting its ending based on the noun it modifies. Examples include:

• Masculine Singular: ὁμοιοπαθής

• Feminine Singular: ὁμοιοπαθής

• Neuter Singular: ὁμοιοπαθές

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Studying Lexicon Insights

Insights from various Greek lexicons highlight that ὁμοιοπαθής reflects the early Christian emphasis on shared experiences and human connection. In Acts 14:15, the use of this term underlines the apostles’ relatability to their audience, bridging the gap between the divine message and human experience. Lexicons also suggest that the concept of shared suffering resonates deeply within the context of early Christian teaching, where empathy and understanding were vital in fostering community among believers. The emphasis on commonality in suffering enriches the interpretation of the text and emphasizes the importance of relational dynamics in the early Church.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

• Acts 14:15: “And saying, ‘Men, why are you doing these things? We also are men with the same nature (ὁμοιοπαθής) as you, and preach to you that you should turn from these useless things to the living God, who made the heaven, the earth, the sea, and all things that are in them.’”

• Hebrews 4:15: “For we do not have a High Priest who cannot sympathize (συμπαθῆσαι) with our weaknesses, but was in all points tempted as we are, yet without sin.”

• Philippians 2:7: “But made Himself of no reputation, taking the form of a bondservant, and coming in the likeness of men.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text

Plato Republic “The philosopher, being like (ὁμοιοπαθής) the just man, acts justly.”

Aristotle Rhetoric “Rhetoric must appeal to shared experiences (ὁμοιοπαθής) to persuade effectively.”

Herodotus Histories “The warriors, being of similar nature (ὁμοιοπαθής), fought valiantly.”

Septuagint Proverbs 14:10 “The heart knows its own bitterness, and a stranger does not share in its joy.”

Septuagint Ecclesiastes 4:9 “Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their labor.”

Septuagint Isaiah 53:4 “Surely He has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed Him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted.”

Noteworthy Summary

The term ὁμοιοπαθής (homoipathēs) signifies a shared experience of suffering or emotion, emphasizing themes of empathy and connection in both biblical and classical literature. Its occurrence in Acts illustrates the relatability of the apostles to their audience, reinforcing the message of commonality among believers. By examining the morphological characteristics of ὁμοιοπαθής and its associations with similar Greek terms, we deepen our understanding of its significance in the early Christian context and its relevance in the broader landscape of ancient Greek culture.

Did You Know?

Cultural Context: In ancient Greek culture, the acknowledgment of shared suffering fostered community and solidarity, making concepts like ὁμοιοπαθής crucial in social interactions.

Empathy in Early Christianity: The early Church emphasized empathy and shared experiences, which were vital in nurturing community bonds among believers.

Philosophical Reflections: The discussions of shared experiences in classical philosophy often intersect with ethical considerations of how individuals relate to one another, underscoring the enduring relevance of concepts like ὁμοιοπαθής.