Brief Overview of νωθρός (Strong’s G3576: nōthros)

Unveiling the Word

In Biblical studies, understanding the original Greek words of the New Testament is crucial for gaining deeper insight into the text’s meaning and context. One such significant word is νωθρός (nōthros), which appears in Hebrews 5:11. The word, meaning “dull” or “sluggish,” is used metaphorically to describe a lack of spiritual alertness or attentiveness. Understanding νωθρός offers valuable insight into the author’s exhortation for believers to grow in maturity and not become lazy in their understanding of spiritual matters. Its usage in this context also opens a window into the early Christian communities and the challenges they faced in sustaining their faith.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: νωθρός (nōthros), pronounced noh-thros.

Etymology: The root of νωθρός is not entirely clear, but it is often associated with terms indicating sluggishness or laziness. The word seems to emphasize a lack of energy or enthusiasm, particularly in the realm of intellectual or spiritual pursuits.

Part of Speech: νωθρός is an adjective. In Greek, adjectives agree with the nouns they describe in gender, number, and case. In Hebrews 5:11, it is used to describe the audience’s spiritual dullness, likening their lack of understanding to a kind of mental sluggishness.

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Defining Meanings

1. Sluggish or Lazy: The primary meaning of νωθρός is “sluggish,” “lazy,” or “dull.” It can describe physical sluggishness or laziness, but it is often used metaphorically to describe mental or spiritual laziness. In Hebrews 5:11, the word refers to spiritual dullness, indicating that the audience had become slow to learn and understand deeper spiritual truths.

2. Dullness of Perception: νωθρός also carries the sense of dullness in perception or understanding. This can refer to someone who is slow to grasp or respond to instruction, particularly in matters of wisdom or spiritual teaching. The word suggests a failure to engage actively or attentively with important knowledge or responsibilities.

Exploring Similar Words

1. ἀργός (argos) [pronunciation: ar-gos]: This word means “idle” or “lazy” and often refers to someone who is inactive or unwilling to work. While similar to νωθρός, it more strongly emphasizes inactivity, especially in a physical sense, whereas νωθρός can also apply to mental and spiritual sluggishness.

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2. βραδύς (bradys) [pronunciation: bra-dees]: Meaning “slow” or “delayed,” this word can describe physical slowness but is also used metaphorically for slowness in speech or understanding, similar to νωθρός but more focused on delay rather than lack of effort.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender: As an adjective, νωθρός agrees with the noun it modifies. It can appear in various cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative) and genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) depending on the context. In Hebrews 5:11, it appears in the masculine nominative plural form, modifying an implied plural subject.

Declension: νωθρός follows the typical declension pattern for adjectives in Greek, with forms that change based on gender, case, and number.

For more about understanding Greek grammar, click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

Lexicons like BDAG, Thayer’s, and Vine’s all emphasize the metaphorical use of νωθρός to describe spiritual laziness or dullness. In Hebrews 5:11, the author rebukes the audience for being slow to understand deeper spiritual matters, using νωθρός to suggest they have become sluggish or resistant to further learning. Classical uses of the word reflect similar themes of inactivity or sluggishness, particularly in intellectual or moral efforts.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Hebrews 5:11: “About this we have much to say, and it is hard to explain, since you have become dull (νωθρός) of hearing.”

2. Hebrews 6:12: “So that you may not be sluggish (νωθρός), but imitators of those who through faith and patience inherit the promises.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

In classical Greek literature, νωθρός often referred to laziness or sluggishness in physical or mental efforts. Its usage in moral or intellectual contexts became more prominent in later Hellenistic literature and was adopted into the Septuagint to describe similar characteristics.

Author Name of Work Text

Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics “For such a person becomes sluggish (νωθρός) in their understanding.”

Septuagint Proverbs 19:15 “Slothfulness casts into a deep sleep, and a lazy (νωθρός) soul will suffer hunger.”

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word νωθρός carries the meaning of sluggishness or laziness, particularly in intellectual or spiritual pursuits. Used in Hebrews 5:11, it illustrates the author’s frustration with the spiritual immaturity of the audience, who have become dull in their ability to understand more profound teachings. In both classical and biblical contexts, νωθρός serves as a warning against apathy and calls for active engagement in learning and growth.

Did You Know?

1. The word νωθρός is rarely used in the New Testament, highlighting its specific use in warning against spiritual laziness.

2. νωθρός appears in classical Greek literature to describe both physical and intellectual sluggishness, often with moral connotations.

3. Hebrews 5:11 is one of the strongest admonitions in the New Testament against complacency in spiritual growth.