Brief Overview of μόνος (Strong’s G3441: monos)

Unveiling the Word

The Greek word μόνος (monos) is particularly significant in Biblical studies due to its frequent use in the New Testament to emphasize the concept of exclusivity or isolation. Understanding the nuances of this word helps readers grasp deeper meanings in the scriptures, especially when μόνος is used to denote “alone,” “only,” or “solitary.” In Matthew 4:4, μόνος highlights the sufficiency of God’s word over earthly needs, as Jesus states that man does not live on bread alone but on every word from God. This statement emphasizes reliance on divine sustenance, capturing the importance of this word in understanding theological themes of dependence on God.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: μόνος (monos), pronounced MO-nos

Etymology: The root of μόνος comes from the Proto-Indo-European sem, meaning “one” or “alone.” It carries the meaning of something singular, separate, or without addition, and this concept was central in both philosophical and religious contexts in ancient Greek thought.

Part of Speech: Adjective (modifies a noun or pronoun by describing it as “alone” or “only”).

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

1. Alone/Solitary: μόνος is primarily used to describe something or someone that is alone, without others, or solitary. This can refer to physical isolation, as in being the only person in a location, or it can refer to being metaphorically alone, as in being unique or exclusive in quality.

2. Only/Exclusive: It is also used to signify that something is the only one of its kind, focusing on exclusivity. For example, Jesus’ use of μόνος in the gospels often emphasizes that certain actions or truths are singular in their importance.

Exploring Similar Words

1. μόλις (molis) [pronunciation: MO-lis]: This adverb means “scarcely” or “barely,” focusing on minimality rather than singularity. Unlike monos, it describes difficulty or insufficiency, not exclusivity or aloneness.

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2. μοναδικός (monadikos) [pronunciation: mo-na-DIK-os]: Meaning “unique” or “one-of-a-kind,” this word is related to monos but places emphasis on uniqueness rather than solitude.

3. ἕνας (henas) [pronunciation: HEN-as]: This word means “one” or “single” and can be used in a similar way to monos when emphasizing singularity. However, henas lacks the connotation of aloneness that monos often carries.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As an adjective, μόνος follows the standard Greek declension patterns for adjectives. It can take on different forms depending on case, gender, and number, agreeing with the noun it modifies.

• Case: Nominative (subject), genitive (possession), dative (indirect object), and accusative (direct object).

• Number: Singular and plural.

• Gender: Masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Here is an example of its declension in the singular form:

Case Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nominative μόνος μόνη μόνον

Genitive μόνου μόνης μόνου

Dative μόνῳ μόνῃ μόνῳ

Accusative μόνον μόνην μόνον

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Studying Lexicon Insights

Lexicons provide various interpretations of μόνος. In classical contexts, it is used to describe someone or something being alone, such as in solitary contemplation or an exclusive group. In theological contexts, particularly in the New Testament, μόνος often highlights the sufficiency of God’s presence or word, as in Matthew 4:4, where Jesus uses it to contrast physical sustenance with spiritual nourishment. In many instances, μόνος underscores divine exclusivity, such as God being the only source of salvation or Jesus being the unique Son of God.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Matthew 4:4 – “But he answered, ‘It is written, “Man shall not live by bread alone [μόνος], but by every word that comes from the mouth of God.”’”

2. Luke 5:21 – “Who can forgive sins but God alone [μόνος]?”

3. John 17:3 – “And this is eternal life, that they know you the only [μόνος] true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text with Greek Word

Plato Symposium “Love is alone [μόνος] responsible for great wisdom.”

Herodotus Histories “The army was left alone [μόνος] on the battlefield.”

Septuagint Isaiah 45:5 “I am the Lord, and there is no other; besides me alone [μόνος] there is no God.”

Noteworthy Summary

μόνος (monos) is a profound word that conveys concepts of singularity, exclusivity, and isolation. It emphasizes both physical aloneness and the idea of something or someone being the only one of its kind. This word carries deep theological implications, as seen in scriptures that emphasize reliance on God or the unique nature of divine truths. Understanding μόνος helps readers grasp the importance of divine sufficiency, as exemplified in Jesus’ use of the word to highlight reliance on God’s word above earthly needs.

Did You Know?

1. μόνος is the root of the English word “monotheism,” which means belief in only one God.

2. The word appears over 30 times in the New Testament, often to emphasize divine exclusivity or human isolation.

3. In classical philosophy, μόνος was frequently used to describe the solitary pursuit of wisdom and contemplation, particularly in the writings of Plato.