G3382
Unveiling the Word
The Greek word μηρός (mēros) appears in Revelation 19:16 and holds significance both in biblical studies and ancient Greek culture. In this verse, the word refers to the “thigh,” particularly where the inscription “King of Kings and Lord of Lords” is placed on the figure riding a white horse. Understanding the meaning of μηρός is important because it evokes symbolic imagery, often associated with authority and covenant, especially in ancient contexts where placing one’s hand on the thigh was a solemn gesture. Grasping the nuances of this term adds depth to interpreting scenes of power, honor, and divine rulership in the New Testament.
Necessary Information
Greek Word: μηρός (mēros), pronounced may-ros.
Etymology: The root of μηρός is derived from ancient Greek, where it consistently referred to the thigh, particularly in a human or animal body. It is used in contexts where physical attributes are related to honor or power.
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Part of Speech: μηρός is a masculine noun. It refers specifically to the thigh or upper leg region. In biblical usage, it often signifies a place of inscription or reference to the body in symbolic acts of power or covenant.
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Defining Meanings
- Thigh: The primary meaning of μηρός is the “thigh,” referring to the upper part of the leg. This is the most literal and frequent usage of the term in both the Bible and classical Greek literature.
- Symbol of Covenant or Oath: In the ancient Near East, the thigh was associated with making solemn oaths, as seen in Old Testament practices. The use of μηρός in Revelation 19:16 also hints at a symbolic connection between divine authority and physical inscription.
- Seat of Power and Authority: In the context of Revelation, the thigh, where the inscription is placed, is symbolic of the rider’s ultimate dominion and authority over the earth, as he is titled “King of Kings and Lord of Lords.”
Exploring Similar Words
- σκέλος (skelos) [skel’-os]: This word also refers to the leg but generally focuses on the entire limb rather than just the thigh. It differs from μηρός in that it is less specific and broader in its anatomical reference.
- ἰσχίον (ischion) [is-khee’-on]: Referring specifically to the hip joint, this word is more precise in its anatomical meaning, differentiating from μηρός, which relates more to the thigh’s upper section.
- γόνατον (gonaton) [go’-na-ton]: This term refers to the knee and differs in meaning from μηρός, focusing on the joint below the thigh.
Reviewing the Word’s Morphology
As a noun, μηρός follows the second declension pattern in Greek. Its morphological features include the nominative singular form (μηρός) and genitive singular (μηροῦ), which indicates possession (e.g., “of the thigh”).
- Nominative Singular: μηρός (mēros)
- Genitive Singular: μηροῦ (mērou)
- Dative Singular: μηρῷ (mērōi)
- Accusative Singular: μηρόν (mēron)
In biblical usage, the noun is most commonly found in the nominative or genitive case, signifying the subject or possession related to an individual or figure.
Studying Lexicon Insights
The term μηρός is discussed in multiple lexicons, with each noting its basic anatomical meaning of “thigh.” However, in Revelation 19:16, lexicons also note its symbolic usage, pointing to the inscription of authority and kingship placed on the rider’s thigh. In classical contexts, μηρός is often used in descriptions of the body in literature and medical texts. Theological interpretations see its use in Revelation as emphasizing the power and dominion of Christ as the ultimate ruler.
This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.
Tracing Related Scriptures
- Revelation 19:16 – “And on His robe and on His thigh (mēros) He has a name written, ‘King of Kings and Lord of Lords.'”
- Genesis 24:2 – “And Abraham said to his servant, ‘Place your hand under my thigh (mēros) and swear to me.'”
- Exodus 29:22 – “You shall take from the ram the fat, the fat tail, the fat that covers the entrails, and the lobe of the liver, and the two kidneys with the fat that is on them, and the right thigh (mēros).”
Analyzing Classical Usage
| Author | Name of Work | Text with μηρός (mēros) |
|---|---|---|
| Homer | Iliad | “He drew the sword from his thigh (mēros), ready to fight.” |
| Herodotus | Histories | “The king placed his hand on his thigh (mēros) as a sign of the solemn oath.” |
| Septuagint | Genesis 24:2 | “And Abraham said to his servant, ‘Put your hand under my thigh (mēros).'” |
Noteworthy Summary
The word μηρός (mēros) plays a significant role in both New Testament and classical Greek literature. In Revelation 19:16, it is used to symbolize divine authority, marking the location where the title “King of Kings and Lord of Lords” is inscribed on the rider’s thigh. This phrase evokes themes of kingship, power, and covenant in biblical theology. Understanding the broader usage of μηρός in both classical and biblical texts deepens the reader’s appreciation for its importance as a marker of solemnity, oaths, and dominion.
Did You Know?
- In ancient cultures, placing one’s hand on the thigh was a customary way to make a solemn oath, as seen in the story of Abraham.
- In Revelation, the placement of the inscription on the thigh symbolizes ultimate authority and power, connecting physicality with divine kingship.
- The word μηρός appears not only in sacred texts but also in Homeric epics, where it is often used in battle contexts.
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