Brief Overview of ὁποῖος (Strong’s G3697: hopoios)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words is essential for accurate interpretation of the Bible, particularly the New Testament, where the original language often holds nuances lost in translation. The term ὁποῖος (hopoios) is especially significant as it is used in a context that emphasizes the nature or character of an individual or object. In Acts 26:29, Paul uses this word to describe his manner of life and his approach to his mission, highlighting its relevance to discussions of identity, moral character, and personal conviction. The use of this word illustrates how the early Christians communicated complex ideas about faith, morality, and their relationship with God and society.

Necessary Information

Greek Word

Greek Word: ὁποῖος (hopoios)

Pronunciation: ho-POY-os

Etymology

The word ὁποῖος is a compound of ὅς (hos), meaning “who,” and ποῖος (poios), meaning “what kind” or “of what sort.” Together, they form a word that questions or specifies the nature or quality of a subject.

Part of Speech

Part of Speech: Adjective. It functions as a descriptive term, often used to inquire about or define characteristics or qualities.

Defining Meanings

Meaning 1

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Of what sort: ὁποῖος is used to ask about the kind or type of something, typically when seeking to understand its nature or characteristics.

Meaning 2

Which kind: It can also indicate a selection among various types or categories, similar to asking “which kind” in English.

Meaning 3

As … as: The term can express a comparative quality, often found in contexts where the nature of one thing is compared to another.

Exploring Similar Words

ποιός (poios) [POY-os]

This word also means “of what kind” but is often used in more direct inquiries about the quality or state of an object or person, making it somewhat interchangeable with ὁποῖος.

ὅσος (hosos) [HO-sos]

Meaning “how much” or “how many,” this word differs in that it focuses on quantity rather than quality or type, thus providing a different aspect of inquiry.

ποῖος (poios) [POY-os]

This is another variant that emphasizes the nature or quality of something but can sometimes be used in a more general context compared to the more specific usage of ὁποῖος.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Nouns/Adjectives

• Case, Number, Gender: ὁποῖος is a masculine adjective that can take different cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative) depending on the noun it modifies.

• For example:

• Nominative: ὁποῖος (who, of what sort)

• Genitive: ὁποίου (of what sort)

• Dative: ὁποίῳ (to/for what sort)

• Accusative: ὁποῖον (what sort)

Declension

As a second declension adjective, it follows typical patterns of change in its endings according to case and number.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

In various Greek lexicons, ὁποῖος is recognized for its role in philosophical discourse, particularly in asking about the nature of things. The use of this word in the New Testament reflects the early Christians’ effort to define their beliefs and practices in relation to both Jewish traditions and Greco-Roman philosophies. Theological discussions often hinge on understanding the essence of one’s faith, making ὁποῖος a critical term in discerning the character of God, Jesus, and the moral implications for believers.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Acts 26:29: “And Paul said, I would to God, that not only thou, but also all that hear me this day, were both almost, and altogether such as I am, except these bonds.”

• Here, Paul emphasizes the quality of his character and faith through the term ὁποῖος.

2. Matthew 11:29: “Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls.”

• The use of ποιός can relate to the nature of Jesus as a teacher and leader.

3. 1 Corinthians 15:10: “But by the grace of God I am what I am: and his grace which was bestowed upon me was not in vain; but I laboured more abundantly than they all: yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me.”

• The character of Paul’s ministry is highlighted through similar qualitative discussions.

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text

Plato Republic “What kind of man [ὁποῖος] would govern the state?”

Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics “What sort of virtue [ὁποῖος] leads to true happiness?”

Sophocles Oedipus Rex “What kind of fate [ὁποῖος] awaits the proud?”

Septuagint Genesis 18:2 “He lifted up his eyes and looked, and lo, three men stood by him: and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself toward the ground.” (noting the qualitative observation).

Septuagint Proverbs 22:1 “A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches, and loving favor rather than silver and gold.” (emphasizing the quality of a good name).

Septuagint Isaiah 28:19 “From the hand of a man of violence, of what sort shall you be?”

Noteworthy Summary

The term ὁποῖος plays a pivotal role in both philosophical and theological discussions, enhancing our understanding of the New Testament’s exploration of character and identity. Through its various uses, it invites deeper reflection on what it means to embody the teachings of Christ and live a life reflective of faith.

Did You Know?

• ὁποῖος can be used in both questioning and affirming contexts, making it versatile in discourse.

• The word emphasizes not just the external qualities of a person but also their moral and spiritual nature.

• Its presence in both the New Testament and classical literature showcases the continuity of Greek thought across genres and time periods.