Brief Overview of οἰκεῖος (Strong’s G3609: oikeios)

Unveiling the Word

The Greek word οἰκεῖος (oikeios), found in Galatians 6:10, is significant in biblical studies for its connotations of belonging and familial relationships. Understanding this word provides deeper insights into the biblical exhortations about how believers are to treat one another, particularly in the context of the Christian household of faith. This term helps highlight the importance of community, kinship, and the responsibilities believers have toward one another. It is also valuable in understanding ancient Greek culture’s emphasis on the household as the basic unit of social and moral order.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: οἰκεῖος (oikeios), pronounced oy-KAY-ee-os.

Etymology: The word oikeios comes from the root οἶκος (oikos), which means “house” or “household.” Oikeios refers to someone who belongs to a household or family, carrying the idea of familial or close relational ties.

Part of Speech: Oikeios is an adjective, and it describes something or someone that belongs to or is associated with a household. It can be used metaphorically to refer to members of a group who are closely connected or share common bonds, such as those within the faith community.

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Defining Meanings

1. Belonging to a Household: The primary meaning of oikeios refers to someone who belongs to a family or household. This includes not just blood relatives but also those closely associated with a household, such as servants or dependents.

2. Pertaining to a Group or Community: In a metaphorical sense, oikeios can describe someone who belongs to a broader group or community, such as the Christian community. In Galatians 6:10, it is used to describe those who are members of “the household of faith,” referring to fellow believers.

3. Familiar or Intimate: In certain contexts, oikeios can refer to something familiar or intimate, emphasizing closeness and personal connection, whether in family, friendship, or communal relationships.

Exploring Similar Words

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1. συγγενής (syngenēs) [pronunciation: soon-GEN-ace]: This word refers to a relative or kin, typically by blood. While syngenēs emphasizes genetic family relationships, oikeios can include both blood relations and non-blood members of a household.

2. ἀδελφός (adelphos) [pronunciation: ah-del-FOS]: Meaning “brother,” this word emphasizes the familial bond between people, but it is often used metaphorically in the New Testament to refer to fellow believers, much like oikeios.

3. παῖς (pais) [pronunciation: pah-EES]: This term means “child” or “servant.” While oikeios emphasizes belonging to a household, pais refers more specifically to someone who serves within that household, whether a child or servant.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As an adjective, oikeios follows a pattern of inflection depending on the case, number, and gender of the noun it modifies. Here’s a breakdown:

• Case, Number, Gender: Oikeios can appear in the nominative, genitive, dative, or accusative cases, and it can be used in both singular and plural forms. It also agrees in gender with the noun it describes (masculine, feminine, or neuter).

• Declension: It follows the first and second declension pattern, with masculine and neuter forms following the second declension and feminine forms following the first declension.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

Lexicons such as BDAG, Thayer’s, and LSJ provide insights into the broader and nuanced meanings of oikeios. In classical Greek, the term often referred to those intimately associated with a household, such as relatives or household dependents. Theologically, oikeios is used to emphasize the bonds between believers in Christ, illustrating the idea of the church as a spiritual family. It also conveys the idea of belonging, not just in a physical household, but in a metaphysical sense as part of the body of Christ. In Christian writings, the term underscores the special relationship and responsibilities that believers have toward one another.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Galatians 6:10: “Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, especially to those who belong to the family [οἰκεῖος] of believers.”

2. Ephesians 2:19: “Consequently, you are no longer foreigners and strangers, but fellow citizens with God’s people and also members of his household [οἰκεῖος].”

3. 1 Timothy 5:8: “Anyone who does not provide for their relatives, and especially for their own household [οἰκεῖος], has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work Text

Plato Laws “Every man ought to know his place in the household [οἰκεῖος].”

Aristotle Politics “The relationship of those within the household [οἰκεῖος] forms the basis of society.”

Septuagint Genesis 18:19 “For I have chosen him, that he may command his children and his household [οἰκεῖος] after him.”

Noteworthy Summary

The word oikeios provides a rich understanding of the social and spiritual connections within a household, both in physical and metaphorical terms. In the New Testament, it emphasizes the Christian community as a family, stressing the moral and spiritual responsibilities believers have toward one another. Understanding oikeios also offers insights into the ancient Greek perspective on family as the foundational unit of society, extending this concept into the framework of faith communities.

Did You Know?

1. The word oikos (from which oikeios is derived) is the root of the modern English word “economy,” reflecting how household management was central to ancient Greek life.

2. In the New Testament, oikeios is used metaphorically to describe the spiritual family of believers, showing how closely knit the early Christian communities were.

3. Oikeios emphasizes not only the privileges of being part of a family but also the responsibilities, especially in providing for and caring for fellow believers.