Brief Overview of ἐπιχρίω (Strong’s G2025: epichriō)

Introduction

Understanding Greek words in Biblical studies is vital for a deeper appreciation of the Scriptures and the cultural contexts in which they were written. The Greek word ἐπιχρίω (epichriō), which means “to anoint” or “to rub on,” holds significant theological and cultural importance. In the New Testament, it often conveys the idea of consecration or setting apart for a special purpose, which aligns with ancient Greek practices of anointing with oil for various ritualistic, medical, or social functions. Thus, understanding this term provides insight into both early Christian rites and broader ancient Greek traditions.

Key Information

• The Greek Word: ἐπιχρίω (epichriō) [eh-pee-KHREE-oh]
• Etymology: Derived from ἐπι (epi), meaning “upon” or “on,” and χρίω (chriō), meaning “to anoint” or “to smear.” The root verb χρίω is frequently used in both secular and religious contexts to denote the act of anointing.
• Part of Speech: Verb; used in the present active indicative form.
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• To anoint: The act of applying oil or ointment, often in a ceremonial or religious context.
• To rub on: In a more general sense, to apply a substance onto a surface or object.
• To consecrate: Refers to setting apart someone or something for a divine purpose or use through the act of anointing.

Similar Words: χρίω (chriō) [KHREE-oh], which also means “to anoint” but is often used in a broader sense, including general anointing practices. ἐπιχρίω (epichriō) emphasizes the action of applying or anointing upon someone or something, often implying a more specific or directed anointing.

Further Insights: ἐπιχρίω is a verb in the present active indicative form and does not have a declension table like nouns or adjectives. However, its related noun and verb forms, such as χρίσις (chrisis), meaning “anointing,” follow their respective declensions. The verb form ἐπιχρίω often appears in religious or ritual contexts in both the New Testament and the Septuagint, reflecting its significance in consecration practices.

Click here for a beginner’s guide to reading Greek: Understanding Greek Grammar: A Beginner’s Guide.

Lexicon Insights

BDAG:
Defines epichriō as “to anoint” or “to rub on,” often in a religious or ceremonial context where anointing signifies consecration or setting apart for a divine purpose. The term may also imply healing or medicinal applications.

Thayer’s Lexicon:
Describes epichriō as “to anoint,” particularly with oil or ointment. The emphasis is on the ritualistic or symbolic nature of anointing as a means of sanctification or divine blessing.

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Vine’s Expository Dictionary:
Explains epichriō as “to anoint” or “to apply,” focusing on its New Testament usage in the context of consecration and divine empowerment. Vine’s notes its usage to imply both literal and figurative anointing in Christian contexts.

LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones):
Lists epichriō as “to rub on” or “to anoint,” especially in contexts involving applying ointment or oil for both sacred and secular purposes. It emphasizes the everyday use of the term in Greek culture for practical and medicinal purposes.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance:
Defines epichriō as “to anoint” or “to smear,” highlighting its use in contexts where anointing is a significant religious act or ritual. The term also carries connotations of blessing, healing, and sanctification.

Related Scripture References

• Revelation 3:18: “I counsel you to buy from me gold refined by fire, so that you may be rich, and white garments so that you may clothe yourself and the shame of your nakedness may not be seen, and salve to anoint [ἐπιχρίω (epichriō)] your eyes, so that you may see.”

Classical Usage

Summary of ἐπιχρίω (G2025: epichriō)

The Greek verb ἐπιχρίω (epichriō), meaning “to anoint” or “to rub on,” is deeply rooted in both religious and cultural practices of the ancient world. It signifies the act of anointing as a means of consecration, purification, or healing. In the New Testament, epichriō carries theological implications of divine blessing and empowerment. Understanding this word enhances our comprehension of early Christian rituals, Jewish traditions reflected in the Septuagint, and even broader Hellenistic practices where anointing was both a practical and spiritual act.

Did You Know?

Did you know that the Greek practice of anointing with oil, as expressed by the word ἐπιχρίω (epichriō), was not only a religious ritual but also a common practice for athletes in ancient Greece? They would anoint their bodies with oil before competing to protect their skin and muscles. This practice evolved to symbolize preparation and consecration in a spiritual sense, connecting the physical and spiritual realms in ancient Greek culture.