Brief Overview of μεταδίδωμι (Strong’s G3330: metadidōmi)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words in biblical studies is essential for interpreting the nuances and deeper meanings of the New Testament. The word μεταδίδωμι (metadidōmi) appears first in Luke 3:11 and is particularly significant because it conveys the concept of sharing or giving in a way that reflects the early Christian ethos of generosity and community. In both New Testament teachings and the broader context of ancient Greek culture, this word highlights the importance of mutual support and selflessness. This word goes beyond the simple act of giving, embodying a spirit of communal sharing that was foundational to the early Christian movement.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: μεταδίδωμι (metadidōmi) [meh-tah-DEE-doh-mee]

Etymology: The word is composed of two parts: the prefix μετά (meta), which can mean “with,” “after,” or “among,” and the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), which means “to give.” Combined, μεταδίδωμι signifies the act of giving or sharing something with others, often implying a sense of partnership or participation.

Part of Speech: Verb. Metadidōmi is used as a verb in the New Testament, reflecting actions of giving or imparting something to others, such as food, resources, or spiritual gifts. It can appear in various tenses, voices, and moods, depending on the context.

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Defining Meanings

1. To Share or Impart: This is the primary meaning, referring to the act of sharing something one possesses, whether material goods, knowledge, or spiritual gifts, with others.
2. To Distribute: The word can also mean to distribute resources or benefits among a group of people, often reflecting an organized or systematic form of sharing.
3. To Bestow or Grant: In some contexts, metadidōmi can imply the act of bestowing something significant or granting a special favor or gift.

Exploring Similar Words

1. δίδωμι (didōmi) [DEE-doh-mee]: The root word of metadidōmi, it means simply “to give.” Unlike metadidōmi, it does not carry the same connotation of shared or mutual giving.
2. κοινωνέω (koinōneō) [koy-noh-NEH-oh]: Meaning “to share” or “to participate,” this word emphasizes fellowship and partnership, often in the context of sharing resources or experiences.
3. χαρίζομαι (charizomai) [kha-REE-zoh-my]: This word means “to give freely” or “to bestow as a favor,” often highlighting generosity without expectation of return.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

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Tense, Voice, Mood: Metadidōmi is found in various tenses in the New Testament, including the present, which indicates continuous action, and the aorist, indicating a completed action. It can appear in both the active and middle voices, depending on whether the action is done by the subject alone or involves a reciprocal aspect. It can also be found in the imperative mood, indicating commands or exhortations to give or share.

Person and Number: It is conjugated in different persons and numbers, such as the 3rd person singular present indicative (μεταδίδωσιν, “he/she/it shares”) or the 2nd person plural imperative (μεταδίδοτε, “you all share”).

Aspect: The aspect can be imperfective, showing an ongoing action, or perfective, highlighting the completion of the giving act.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

Metadidōmi is discussed in various lexicons with a focus on its application in both mundane and spiritual contexts. BDAG and Thayer’s highlight its use in the New Testament to express the act of sharing material goods, such as in Luke 3:11, where it is used to encourage sharing with those in need. LSJ and Vine’s further explore its broader Greek usage, showing it was also used in non-Christian texts to describe the distribution of resources or privileges. Strong’s and LEH note its occurrences in the Septuagint, where it often conveys the idea of God imparting blessings or responsibilities to His people. Moulton and Milligan emphasize its role in promoting the values of generosity and community in early Christian literature.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Luke 3:11: “And he would answer and say to them, ‘The man who has two tunics is to share [μεταδότω] with him who has none; and he who has food is to do likewise.’”
2. Romans 12:8: “Or he who exhorts, in his exhortation; he who gives [μεταδιδούς], with liberality; he who leads, with diligence; he who shows mercy, with cheerfulness.”
3. Ephesians 4:28: “He who steals must steal no longer; but rather he must labor, performing with his own hands what is good, so that he will have something to share [μεταδιδόναι] with one who has need.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

Metadidōmi is a verb that emphasizes the concept of sharing and generosity, particularly within the Christian community. It is used in the New Testament to encourage believers to share their possessions and blessings with others, reflecting the early Christian value of mutual support. Its broader usage in ancient Greek literature also points to a societal expectation of sharing resources and knowledge. Understanding this word helps us appreciate the foundational principles of generosity and selflessness in both biblical and historical contexts.

Did You Know?

1. Metadidōmi appears in three significant New Testament contexts, each highlighting the importance of generosity and communal support.
2. The root word didōmi is one of the most common verbs in the New Testament, appearing over 400 times.
3. In classical Greek, metadidōmi was not limited to material giving but also included sharing knowledge, ideas, and even political power.