Brief Overview of κύμβαλον (Strong’s G2950: kymbalon)

Unveiling the Word

In Biblical studies, understanding Greek words is crucial for grasping the deeper meanings of scripture. The word κύμβαλον (kymbalon), appearing first in 1 Corinthians 13:1, holds particular significance as it is used metaphorically to depict emptiness and the lack of substance without love. In the context of New Testament interpretation, this word’s imagery draws from ancient Greek culture, where cymbals were a common instrument in music and rituals. The term is used in the famous “love chapter” of 1 Corinthians to emphasize that even the greatest gifts or abilities are meaningless without love. The understanding of κύμβαλον helps illuminate the Apostle Paul’s point about the emptiness of actions devoid of genuine love.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: κύμβαλον (kymbalon) [KYMB-ah-lon]
Etymology: Derived from the root word κυμβάω (kymbao), meaning “to clash” or “to resound.” This etymology reflects the characteristic sound of cymbals—loud, resonant, and often jarring. The word κύμβαλον itself refers to a metal percussion instrument that produces a clanging noise when struck.

Part of Speech: Noun (neuter). κύμβαλον is a second-declension noun in Greek. It primarily denotes an object, specifically a musical instrument, but is used metaphorically in literature and scripture to convey emptiness or a lack of meaningful content.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

Meaning 1: Cymbal
The primary meaning of κύμβαλον is “cymbal,” a musical instrument typically made of brass or bronze. In ancient times, cymbals were used in both secular and sacred contexts, often to create a rhythmic and resonant sound.

Meaning 2: Metaphor for Noise Without Substance
In 1 Corinthians 13:1, κύμβαλον is used metaphorically to describe someone who speaks without love. Just as cymbals produce a loud but hollow noise, actions or words without love are empty and meaningless, emphasizing the idea of form without substance.

Exploring Similar Words

χαλκός (chalkos) [KHAL-kos]: Refers to “bronze” or “brass,” often used in the context of metal used for making instruments like cymbals. Unlike κύμβαλον, it describes the material rather than the instrument itself.

ἀλαλαγμός (alala-gmos) [a-la-LAG-mos]: Means “a loud cry” or “shout,” usually in battle or worship. While it implies noise, like κύμβαλον, it differs by describing vocal sounds rather than those produced by an instrument.

σιγή (sigē) [SEE-gay]: This word means “silence,” and stands in contrast to κύμβαλον, which describes a sound. It can be used metaphorically to emphasize quietness or the absence of noise.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

For Nouns/Adjectives:

• Case, Number, Gender: κύμβαλον is a neuter noun in Greek and follows the second declension pattern. It can appear in singular or plural form, and its case endings will change depending on its grammatical role in a sentence (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative).
• Declension: The declension of κύμβαλον is as follows:

For a more detailed explanation of Greek declensions, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The word κύμβαλον is presented across various lexicons as a term that holds both literal and figurative meanings. In New Testament contexts, it is understood as a cymbal, a common percussion instrument. However, its metaphorical usage in 1 Corinthians 13:1 underscores the Apostle Paul’s rhetorical style, where he uses it to emphasize the hollowness of speech and action devoid of love. The word also appears in classical literature, often highlighting empty noise or meaningless clamor. Understanding κύμβαλον offers a powerful insight into the biblical text, which focuses on the necessity of genuine love in all things.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1 Corinthians 13:1: “If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal [κύμβαλον].”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word κύμβαλον (kymbalon) is essential for understanding the metaphorical language used by Paul in 1 Corinthians 13:1. While the term literally refers to a musical instrument, its metaphorical usage in the New Testament highlights the emptiness of actions done without love, equating them to noise without melody or purpose. This dual understanding of κύμβαλον—both as a cymbal and a metaphor for emptiness—underscores the necessity of genuine love in Christian living and practice.

Did You Know?

• Did you know? The word κύμβαλον was not only used in Greek literature to denote a cymbal but also became symbolic of empty or hollow sounds in philosophical contexts.
• Did you know? In the Septuagint, κύμβαλον is often associated with worship, particularly in the Psalms, where it is used to describe musical praise.
• Did you know? Cymbals, like κύμβαλον, were used in various ancient cultures’ rituals, symbolizing both celebration and solemnity, thus giving a dual connotation of joy and emptiness depending on the context.