Brief Overview of μερίζω (Strong’s G3307: merizō)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words in biblical studies opens up layers of meaning that may not be immediately evident in translations. The Greek word μερίζω (merizō), meaning “to divide” or “to distribute,” is particularly significant because it reveals insights into the concepts of unity, division, and distribution in both societal and spiritual contexts. This word is often used in the New Testament to discuss the division of possessions, responsibilities, and even spiritual gifts. Its usage also reflects broader themes in ancient Greek culture, where division and allocation were essential for maintaining order in society and governance.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: μερίζω, merizō [meh-REE-zo].

Etymology: The root of μερίζω is μέρος (meros), meaning “part” or “portion.” This root word conveys the idea of dividing something into parts or portions, whether it be material goods, land, or abstract concepts like duties or power.

Part of Speech: Verb. As a verb, μερίζω functions in a variety of grammatical moods and tenses, indicating different nuances of action such as dividing, distributing, or apportioning.

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Defining Meanings

1. To Divide, Separate: The primary meaning of μερίζω is to divide or separate something into parts. In Matthew 12:25, Jesus speaks of a kingdom divided against itself, using μερίζω to convey the destructive nature of internal division.
2. To Distribute, Apportion: Another common meaning is to distribute or apportion something among people. This could refer to dividing land, wealth, or other resources, as seen in various New Testament contexts.
3. To Assign, Share: μερίζω can also mean to assign roles or responsibilities. This usage is reflected in passages where duties or roles within the community are being distributed or shared.

Exploring Similar Words

1. διαμερίζω (diamērizō) [dee-ah-MEH-ree-zo]: Meaning “to divide into parts,” this word intensifies the action of dividing, often implying a more thorough or complete division.
2. μερισμός (merismos) [meh-rees-MOS]: A noun related to μερίζω, it means “division” or “distribution” and is used in contexts discussing the distribution of spiritual gifts or the division of people into groups.
3. μέρος (meros) [MEH-ros]: The root word of μερίζω, it means “part” or “portion,” indicating a segment or share of a whole.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

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As a verb, μερίζω is conjugated in various tenses and moods. Here is an example in the Present Indicative Active:

This conjugation reflects the ongoing or habitual action of dividing or distributing.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

Lexicon entries for μερίζω highlight its usage in both secular and theological contexts. BDAG emphasizes its role in dividing or separating, often within the context of spiritual gifts or roles in the early church. Thayer’s Lexicon elaborates on its application in dividing land or property, reflecting ancient practices of inheritance and governance. LSJ focuses on its broader use in classical Greek literature, where it commonly appears in discussions about the division of power or responsibilities. Vine’s Dictionary notes its significance in New Testament theology, particularly in discussions about the body of Christ and the distribution of gifts. Strong’s Concordance links μερίζω to both physical and abstract forms of division. LEH discusses its Septuagint use, often in contexts related to the distribution of land among the tribes of Israel. Moulton and Milligan provide additional context from papyri, showing its use in legal and administrative documents related to the allocation of goods and duties.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Matthew 12:25: “And knowing their thoughts Jesus said to them, ‘Any kingdom divided [μερίζω] against itself is laid waste; and any city or house divided against itself will not stand.’” Here, μερίζω illustrates the destructive consequences of division within a community.
2. Luke 15:12: “The younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me the share of the estate that falls to me.’ So he divided [μερίζω] his wealth between them.” This verse uses μερίζω to describe the allocation of inheritance.
3. 1 Corinthians 12:11: “But one and the same Spirit works all these things, distributing [μερίζω] to each one individually just as He wills.” In this context, μερίζω refers to the distribution of spiritual gifts.

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The word μερίζω is fundamental in understanding various New Testament themes, especially those related to division and distribution. Its application ranges from the division of land and property to the distribution of spiritual gifts, highlighting its versatility in both secular and theological discussions. Understanding μερίζω provides valuable insights into the dynamics of the early Christian community and the broader societal norms of the time.

Did You Know?

1. μερίζω is used 14 times in the New Testament, primarily in the Gospels and Paul’s letters.
2. The word often appears in legal and administrative papyri, showing its importance in ancient Greek society for managing estates and responsibilities.
3. In classical Greek, μερίζω was used to describe the distribution of political power, illustrating the connection between governance and fair allocation.