Brief Overview of μαθητεύω (Strong’s G3100: mathēteuō)

Unveiling the Word

In Biblical studies, understanding key Greek words often brings depth to the interpretation of scripture, especially when it comes to words that describe foundational Christian concepts. One such word is μαθητεύω (mathēteuō), which is particularly significant because it describes the action of making disciples. Discipleship is a core aspect of New Testament theology and is central to the teachings of Jesus. The verb μαθητεύω reveals much about what it means to follow Jesus and to help others grow in their faith. Its relevance extends beyond New Testament interpretation to include insights into ancient Greek culture, where mentorship and learning relationships were highly valued.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: μαθητεύω (mathēteuō) [mah-thay-TEU-oh]
Etymology: This word is derived from the root word μαθητής (mathētēs), meaning “disciple” or “learner.” The verb form, μαθητεύω, adds the dynamic sense of actively making or training disciples.
Part of Speech: Verb. As a verb, μαθητεύω is used in the context of teaching and guiding others, specifically within the Christian framework of discipling.

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Defining Meanings

1. To Make a Disciple: The primary meaning of μαθητεύω is “to make a disciple” or “to train someone as a follower or learner.” This concept is particularly emphasized in the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19), where Jesus instructs his followers to go and make disciples of all nations.
2. To Become a Disciple: Another important meaning is “to become a disciple.” It implies the process of learning from a teacher or mentor, often in a committed and ongoing relationship.

Exploring Similar Words

1. μαθητής (mathētēs) [mah-thay-TAYS]: This is the noun form that refers to a “disciple” or “student.” While μαθητεύω focuses on the action of discipling or teaching, μαθητής refers to the person being discipled.
2. διδάσκω (didaskō) [dee-DAS-ko]: This verb means “to teach” and is closely related to μαθητεύω. However, διδάσκω emphasizes the action of teaching in a more general sense, while μαθητεύω includes the idea of forming a long-term learning relationship.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As a verb, μαθητεύω is conjugated in different tenses, voices, and moods. Below is a breakdown of its conjugation in the Present Indicative Active form:

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This table represents the verb in its present tense, indicating an ongoing action of discipling.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

When examining μαθητεύω through various lexicons, a unified theme emerges: the emphasis on teaching and forming learners. BDAG highlights its significance in contexts where individuals are actively learning or teaching others to follow Christ. Thayer’s defines it as “to disciple, instruct, or to make a disciple of someone,” emphasizing both the teaching and learning aspects. LSJ notes its classical Greek usage, where it involved mentoring relationships beyond religious contexts. In the New Testament, μαθητεύω is almost exclusively tied to spiritual mentorship, often within the framework of spreading the teachings of Jesus and raising up new followers.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Matthew 13:52: “Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed (μαθητεύω) unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is a householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old.”
2. Matthew 28:19: “Go ye therefore, and teach (μαθητεύω) all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.”
3. Acts 14:21: “And when they had preached the gospel to that city, and had taught (μαθητεύω) many, they returned again to Lystra, and to Iconium, and Antioch.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

In classical Greek literature, μαθητεύω is used in contexts where individuals are trained or mentored. Although the term’s religious connotations are more emphasized in the New Testament, its use in non-religious literature can be found in mentorship and philosophical schools.

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek verb μαθητεύω carries profound significance in both biblical and classical contexts. In the New Testament, it captures the essence of what it means to disciple or make disciples, a key command in Jesus’ ministry. Understanding this term allows for a deeper appreciation of the intentional process of teaching and guiding others in their spiritual growth. Beyond its religious connotation, it also holds value in ancient Greek culture, where learning relationships were central to the transmission of knowledge and wisdom.

Did You Know?

1. The word μαθητεύω appears most famously in the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19), highlighting the church’s mission to make disciples worldwide.
2. The term was used in classical Greek to describe the relationship between philosophers and their students, such as Socrates and Plato.
3. While μαθητεύω is often associated with teaching, it also involves a deep relational component, making it more than just academic instruction.