Brief Overview of μέτωπον (Strong’s G3359: metōpon)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words in biblical studies is crucial for unlocking the depth of meaning within the scriptures. The word μέτωπον (metōpon) is particularly significant because of its theological and symbolic use, especially in the book of Revelation. Metōpon is the Greek word for “forehead,” and its use in Revelation 7:3, where it is associated with the sealing of God’s servants on their foreheads, highlights the significance of identity, ownership, and divine protection. The word’s relevance extends beyond New Testament interpretation and sheds light on ancient cultural practices of marking or branding individuals, making it a concept that resonates deeply with both biblical and historical contexts.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: μέτωπον (metōpon, pronounced MEH-toh-pon)

Etymology: The word metōpon is composed of two parts: meta (meaning “with” or “after”) and ōps (meaning “eye” or “face”). Together, they form the idea of the “forehead,” the part of the face that lies above and between the eyes.

Part of Speech: Noun, neuter. As a noun, μέτωπον specifically refers to the forehead, but its significance in scripture often extends metaphorically to ideas of marking, sealing, or identifying a person.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

Meaning 1: Literal forehead. In its basic sense, metōpon refers to the physical forehead, the part of the face between the eyes and above the nose. This is how it would be understood in common speech and writing in ancient Greek culture.

Meaning 2: Symbolic or figurative marking. In Revelation, metōpon takes on a symbolic meaning, particularly when referring to the sealing or marking of individuals on their foreheads. This indicates ownership, protection, or allegiance, particularly in relation to God or the forces opposing Him. The forehead as a site for such markings implies visibility and permanence, as it is the most prominent part of the human face.

Exploring Similar Words

σφραγίς (sphragis, pronounced SFRAH-gis): Meaning “seal,” this word is often associated with metōpon in scripture, especially in Revelation where the “seal” on the forehead marks those who belong to God.

Support our Israeli friends

Use code: FOG20 for a 20% discount.

Learn More

χάραγμα (charagma, pronounced KHAH-rahg-mah): Refers to a “mark” or “engraving,” often used to describe the mark of the beast in Revelation, which is placed on the hand or forehead as a sign of allegiance to the beast, in contrast to the seal of God on the foreheads of the faithful.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

μέτωπον is a neuter noun of the second declension. The basic forms are:

• Nominative Singular: μέτωπον
• Genitive Singular: μετώπου
• Dative Singular: μετώπῳ
• Accusative Singular: μέτωπον

This noun follows the typical pattern for neuter nouns in Greek, which means it does not change between the nominative and accusative cases.

Click here for a beginner’s guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The lexicons consistently describe metōpon as referring to the forehead, but with significant theological and symbolic implications in the New Testament, particularly in apocalyptic literature like Revelation. Lexicons such as BDAG and Thayer’s explain its literal and figurative uses, with a strong focus on how the forehead becomes a place of identification—whether for God’s protection (Revelation 7:3) or for the mark of the beast (Revelation 13:16). In classical contexts, it might simply denote the physical forehead, but in Christian theology, it is deeply tied to the idea of belonging and allegiance.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Revelation 7:3: “Do not harm the earth or the sea or the trees, until we have sealed the servants of our God on their foreheads [μέτωπον].” This verse connects metōpon with divine protection and the marking of God’s faithful.

Revelation 9:4: “They were told not to harm the grass of the earth or any green plant or any tree, but only those people who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads [μέτωπον].” Again, the forehead is seen as a place where God’s people are marked for protection.

Revelation 13:16: “Also it causes all, both small and great, both rich and poor, both free and slave, to be marked on the right hand or the forehead [μέτωπον].” This shows a contrasting use of the forehead for marking allegiance to the beast.

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word μέτωπον (metōpon) primarily means “forehead” but carries rich symbolic weight in the New Testament, particularly in the book of Revelation. It represents a place of identification, where divine protection or allegiance to evil forces is visibly marked. This imagery is essential in understanding the apocalyptic vision of Revelation, where metōpon becomes a symbol of loyalty, either to God or to opposing forces. In classical literature, the word has a simpler connotation of the physical forehead, but in Christian theology, it takes on profound spiritual significance.

Did You Know?

• The practice of marking the forehead has historical roots in ancient cultures, where slaves or soldiers were sometimes branded or tattooed to signify ownership or allegiance.
• The Jewish practice of wearing phylacteries (small boxes containing scripture) on the forehead during prayer is a possible cultural reference for the imagery in Revelation.
• In Revelation, metōpon is used to show the ultimate distinction between those who serve God and those who follow the beast, making it a critical word for understanding eschatological themes.