Brief Overview of μέλι (Strong’s G3192: meli)

Unveiling the Word

The Greek word μέλι (meli), translated as “honey,” holds significant meaning both in the New Testament and in broader ancient Greek culture. It appears first in Matthew 3:4, where it describes John the Baptist’s diet of “locusts and wild honey.” Understanding the usage of μέλι in the Bible provides insights into the lifestyle of John the Baptist and the symbolism of honey in biblical narratives. Additionally, honey is frequently mentioned in ancient Greek literature and is often associated with sustenance, sweetness, and even wisdom, making it a word of rich cultural and theological importance.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: μέλι (meli), pronounced [MEH-lee].

Etymology: The word μέλι has roots in the Proto-Indo-European mélid, meaning “honey.” It has cognates in several languages, such as Latin (mel) and Sanskrit (madhu), indicating its widespread use and significance in ancient cultures.

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Part of Speech: Noun, neuter. As a noun, μέλι is used to denote a tangible substance and is typically found in its singular form. It follows the third declension in Greek grammar.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

Literal Honey: The most direct meaning of μέλι is the natural substance produced by bees. It is frequently mentioned in biblical contexts as a symbol of God’s provision and blessing. For example, the Promised Land is described as “a land flowing with milk and honey” (Exodus 3:8).
Sweetness or Delight: Beyond its literal sense, μέλι can also denote something sweet or delightful. This metaphorical use can be seen in various literary and philosophical texts, where honey represents the sweetness of speech or the pleasantness of life.
Spiritual Nourishment: In some theological contexts, μέλι symbolizes spiritual sustenance and wisdom. This usage draws on the imagery of honey as a pure and nourishing food, paralleling how God’s Word sustains the soul.

Exploring Similar Words

γάλα (gala) [GAH-lah]: Meaning “milk,” this word often appears alongside μέλι in biblical and classical texts to symbolize nourishment and abundance.
ἄρτος (artos) [AR-tos]: Translated as “bread,” this word differs from μέλι in that it represents a more fundamental form of sustenance, while honey conveys a sense of luxury and delight.
ὄξος (oxos) [OK-sos]: Meaning “vinegar,” this word is sometimes contrasted with μέλι to highlight the difference between sweetness and bitterness.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

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Case, Number, Gender:

Nominative Singular: μέλι
Genitive Singular: μελίτος
Dative Singular: μελίτι
Accusative Singular: μέλι

This word is neuter and follows the third declension pattern, which can be challenging for beginners due to its irregular forms.

Declension Table:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	μέλι	μελίτα
Genitive	μελίτος	μελίτων
Dative	μελίτι	μελίσι(ν)
Accusative	μέλι	μελίτα
Vocative	μέλι	μελίτα

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Studying Lexicon Insights

The word μέλι appears in various New Testament and classical texts to symbolize abundance, sustenance, and divine provision. In the New Testament, it is often associated with John the Baptist’s lifestyle, representing simplicity and divine sustenance in contrast to luxurious living. Classical authors such as Aristotle and Hippocrates also reference honey, noting its medicinal properties and its role in ancient diets. Theologically, μέλι serves as a metaphor for the sweetness of God’s word and the richness of His promises.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Matthew 3:4: “Now John himself was clothed in camel’s hair, with a leather belt around his waist; and his food was locusts and wild honey [μέλι].”
Revelation 10:10: “Then I took the little book out of the angel’s hand and ate it, and it was as sweet as honey [μέλι] in my mouth. But when I had eaten it, my stomach became bitter.”
Luke 24:42: “So they gave Him a piece of a broiled fish and some honeycomb [μέλι].”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author	Name of Work	English Text
Aristotle	History of Animals	“The bees collect the honey [μέλι] from flowers and store it in the hive.”
Hippocrates	On Diet	“Honey [μέλι] is beneficial for the body, aiding in digestion and providing energy.”
Plato	Symposium	“The sweetness of honey [μέλι] is akin to the sweetness of true wisdom, which nourishes the soul.”
Septuagint	Exodus 3:8	“A land flowing with milk and honey [μέλι].”
Septuagint	Psalm 19:10	“Sweeter also than honey [μέλι] and the honeycomb.”
Septuagint	Proverbs 24:13	“My son, eat honey [μέλι] because it is good, and the honeycomb which is sweet to your taste.”

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word μέλι is rich with both literal and metaphorical significance in biblical and classical texts. It conveys notions of sweetness, sustenance, and divine provision, making it a symbol of God’s care and abundance. Whether describing John the Baptist’s simple diet or the Promised Land’s bounty, μέλι embodies a powerful image of God’s generosity and the richness of His blessings.

Did You Know?

In ancient Greece, honey was considered a symbol of wisdom and knowledge, often used in philosophical metaphors.
The medicinal use of honey is well-documented in ancient texts, where it was used to treat wounds, aid digestion, and even as an offering to the gods.
The phrase “land flowing with milk and honey” in the Old Testament symbolizes not just abundance but the delight and nourishment found in God’s promises.