Brief Overview of λόγος (Strong’s G3056: logos)

Unveiling the Word

In biblical studies, understanding Greek words like λόγος (logos) is essential for grasping the deeper meanings and nuances present in Scripture. λόγος is one of the most significant words in the New Testament, appearing over 300 times with a range of meanings, including “word,” “speech,” “reason,” and “principle.” The term is also deeply rooted in ancient Greek culture and philosophy, where it was used to convey ideas related to logic, reason, and divine order. In the context of New Testament theology, λόγος is central to understanding the nature of Jesus Christ, as seen in John 1:1, where Christ is referred to as the “Word” (λόγος) that was with God and was God.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: λόγος (logos) [pronunciation: LO-gos].

Etymology: The word λόγος comes from the Greek root λέγω (legō), meaning “to say” or “to speak.” It has a wide array of meanings, ranging from “word” or “saying” to “reason” and “principle.” In philosophical contexts, it often refers to the underlying reason or principle that governs the universe.

Part of Speech: Noun. λόγος is a masculine noun and is commonly used in both singular and plural forms. It can denote a concrete “word” or “saying” or represent abstract concepts such as “discourse,” “reason,” or “doctrine.”

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Defining Meanings

1. Word or Saying: The most basic meaning of λόγος is “word” or “saying.” It refers to spoken words, written words, or expressions of thoughts and ideas.
2. Speech or Discourse: λόγος can also mean “speech” or “discourse,” representing a more extended or formal expression of thoughts, such as a sermon, argument, or story.
3. Reason or Principle: In philosophical contexts, particularly in Stoicism and Hellenistic Judaism, λόγος signifies the divine reason or the principle that gives order to the cosmos.
4. Doctrine or Teaching: Within the New Testament, λόγος is frequently used to denote the message or teaching of Jesus and the apostles.

Exploring Similar Words

1. ῥῆμα (rhēma) [pronunciation: HRAY-ma]: Unlike λόγος, which often refers to the overall message or discourse, ῥῆμα focuses more on specific utterances or spoken words with immediate relevance.
2. δόγμα (dogma) [pronunciation: DOG-ma]: Refers to a specific decree or doctrine, often with a more authoritative or legal connotation than λόγος, which can be broader in meaning.
3. παραβολή (parabolē) [pronunciation: pa-ra-bo-LAY]: This word means “parable” or “comparison.” While λόγος can encompass parables as part of discourse, παραβολή refers specifically to the illustrative storytelling method used to convey deeper spiritual truths.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

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Case, Number, Gender:
λόγος is a masculine noun and follows the second declension pattern in Greek. Here is a breakdown:

• Nominative Singular: λόγος (logos) – used as the subject of a sentence.
• Genitive Singular: λόγου (logou) – indicates possession, “of the word.”
• Dative Singular: λόγῳ (logō) – used for indirect objects, “to/for the word.”
• Accusative Singular: λόγον (logon) – used as the direct object of a sentence.
• Nominative Plural: λόγοι (logoi) – plural form as the subject.
• Genitive Plural: λόγων (logōn) – plural possessive form.
• Dative Plural: λόγοις (logois) – plural indirect object.
• Accusative Plural: λόγους (logous) – plural direct object.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

The term λόγος in New Testament literature is multifaceted, ranging from the “word” or “message” spoken by Jesus and the apostles to a more profound theological concept as seen in John’s Gospel, where it represents the divine Logos, Jesus Christ, who embodies God’s self-revelation and creative activity. The word also carries philosophical weight, as Greek thinkers like Heraclitus used λόγος to denote the rational principle that governs the universe. The New Testament writers adapt this philosophical concept to describe Christ as the divine Logos, through whom all things were made.
This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

• Matthew 5:32 – “But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except for the reason ([λόγον]) of unchastity, makes her commit adultery; and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.”
• John 1:1 – “In the beginning was the Word ([λόγος]), and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.”
• Romans 10:17 – “So faith comes from hearing, and hearing by the word ([λόγου]) of Christ.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word λόγος (logos) is a profound and versatile term that bridges the gap between language, reason, and divine revelation. It serves as a cornerstone concept in both New Testament theology and ancient Greek philosophy. Its usage spans a range of meanings, from ordinary “word” or “message” to the theological concept of the divine Logos, revealing the depth of its significance in both biblical and classical contexts.

Did You Know?

• Fact 1: In Stoic philosophy, λόγος was considered the principle that organizes the cosmos, akin to divine reason or law.
• Fact 2: The term λόγος is foundational to early Christian apologetics, particularly in the writings of the Church Fathers, who used it to explain Christ’s divine nature.
• Fact 3: In the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, λόγος frequently translates the Hebrew word “dabar,” which means “word” or “matter.”