Brief Overview of λυτρόω (Strong’s G3084: lytróō)

Unveiling the Word

In biblical studies, understanding Greek words helps us uncover the rich theological depth in the New Testament. The Greek word λυτρόω (lytróō), meaning “to redeem” or “to set free,” plays a crucial role in understanding concepts of salvation, freedom, and deliverance. First appearing in Luke 24:21, this term captures the hope of Israel for deliverance from oppression, a theme central to the Messianic expectation. In Greek culture, λυτρόω also referred to the process of buying back or redeeming something or someone, often from slavery. Thus, the word is significant both for New Testament interpretation and for understanding ancient Greek and Jewish culture.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: λυτρόω (lytróō) [loo-TROH-oh].
Etymology: λυτρόω comes from the root word λύτρον (lytron), which means “ransom” or “price of release.” The verb λυτρόω carries the meaning of freeing or redeeming by paying a ransom, whether from slavery, captivity, or other forms of bondage. This word is particularly important in Jewish and Christian theology, symbolizing God’s intervention to deliver His people.
Part of Speech: Verb. As a verb, λυτρόω refers to the action of redeeming or setting free, often through payment or sacrifice.
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Defining Meanings

1. To Redeem or Set Free: The primary meaning of λυτρόω is “to redeem” or “to set free.” This concept appears in both physical and spiritual contexts, where redemption involves deliverance from slavery, oppression, or sin. In Luke 24:21, the disciples express hope that Jesus would redeem (λυτρόω) Israel from Roman occupation and spiritual bondage.
2. To Liberate: λυτρόω also means “to liberate,” emphasizing freedom from captivity or bondage. This liberation is often achieved through a significant price or ransom, making the word central to understanding salvation in Christian theology.
3. To Deliver: In a broader sense, λυτρόω can mean “to deliver” or “to rescue,” highlighting God’s saving action in both Old and New Testament contexts.

Exploring Similar Words

1. ἀπολύτρωσις (apolytrōsis) [ah-po-loo-TROH-sis]: Meaning “redemption” or “deliverance,” this noun emphasizes the result of the action of λυτρόω. It is often used to describe the final outcome of being set free, especially in a theological context.
2. ἐξαγοράζω (exagorázō) [ex-ah-goh-RAH-zoh]: This verb means “to buy out” or “to redeem,” with a focus on the price paid to release someone from bondage. While λυτρόω emphasizes the act of redemption, ἐξαγοράζω focuses more on the transactional aspect.
3. σωτηρία (sōtēria) [soh-teh-REE-ah]: This word means “salvation” or “deliverance.” While λυτρόω describes the process of being set free, σωτηρία refers to the broader concept of being saved or delivered from danger, sin, or death.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As a verb, λυτρόω follows the patterns of regular Greek verb conjugation, changing form based on tense, voice, and mood.

Tense, Voice, Mood:

• Tense: In Luke 24:21, λυτρόω appears in the aorist tense, indicating a completed action of redemption.
• Voice: Active, meaning the subject performs the action of redeeming.
• Mood: Indicative, which expresses a statement of fact or reality—specifically, the hope that Jesus would redeem Israel.

Person and Number:

• Third person singular in Luke 24:21, referring to Jesus as the expected redeemer of Israel.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

The verb λυτρόω is used several times in the New Testament, most notably in contexts related to God’s redemptive work through Christ. In Luke 24:21, the disciples walking to Emmaus express their hope that Jesus was the one who would redeem Israel from political and spiritual oppression. This usage reflects a broader expectation that the Messiah would deliver Israel, a theme deeply rooted in Old Testament prophecy.

In classical Greek literature, λυτρόω was commonly used in legal and economic contexts, referring to the act of paying a ransom to free a person from slavery or captivity. This concept of ransom is central to its theological use in the New Testament, where Christ is seen as the one who pays the ultimate ransom for the salvation of humanity.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Luke 24:21: “But we had hoped that he was the one to redeem (λυτρώσῃ) Israel. Yes, and besides all this, it is now the third day since these things happened.”
2. Titus 2:14: “Who gave himself for us to redeem (λυτρώσηται) us from all lawlessness and to purify for himself a people for his own possession.”
3. 1 Peter 1:18: “Knowing that you were ransomed (ἐλυτρώθητε) from the futile ways inherited from your forefathers, not with perishable things such as silver or gold.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

In classical Greek literature, λυτρόω appears in various contexts, typically related to the act of freeing someone from slavery or captivity through payment. Its usage reflects the social and legal customs of the time, where ransom payments were a common means of securing freedom.

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek verb λυτρόω (lytróō) is rich in meaning, encompassing themes of redemption, liberation, and deliverance. It appears in both the Old and New Testaments to describe God’s intervention to set His people free, often through a significant cost or sacrifice. In the New Testament, λυτρόω becomes a key term for understanding Christ’s redemptive work, where He is seen as the one who pays the ransom to free humanity from the bondage of sin. Its usage in both legal and theological contexts underscores the depth of this concept, which bridges the ancient Greek and Jewish understanding of freedom.

Did You Know?

1. λυτρόω is closely related to the noun λύτρον, which refers to the ransom or price paid for redemption, a key theological concept in the New Testament.
2. The idea of redemption in both Greek and Jewish thought often involved paying a high price to rescue someone from slavery, debt, or death.
3. In the Septuagint, λυτρόω is frequently used to describe God’s deliverance of Israel, making it a significant term for understanding the Messianic hope in the New Testament.