Brief Overview of λεῖος (Strong’s G3006: leios)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words in Biblical studies is crucial for gaining a deeper insight into the original meaning and context of the scriptures. The Greek word λεῖος (leios) is particularly significant because it appears in contexts that speak to transformation, preparation, and divine intervention. This word is found in Luke 3:5, where it describes the smoothing or leveling of rough places, symbolizing the preparation of the way for the Lord. Understanding λεῖος offers us a glimpse into both the physical and metaphorical language of the Bible and the cultural landscape of ancient Greece.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: λεῖος (leios) [pronounced LAY-os].
Etymology: The word λεῖος comes from the Greek root λεῖος, which means “smooth” or “level.” There is no deeper root beyond its basic form in classical Greek usage.
Part of Speech: Adjective. As an adjective, λεῖος describes a quality of being smooth or flat and is used to modify nouns that pertain to surfaces, terrain, or other objects.
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Defining Meanings

1. Smooth: The primary meaning of λεῖος is “smooth,” indicating a surface that is even and without roughness. This meaning is often applied to terrain, stones, or skin.
2. Level: The term can also mean “level,” especially when referring to land or a path that has been made flat and even, as in the context of preparing a way for travel or construction.
3. Polished: In some contexts, λεῖος implies a sense of being polished or refined, extending the idea of smoothness to a metaphorical or aesthetic quality.

Exploring Similar Words

1. εὐθύς (euthys) [pronounced eu-THEES]: This word means “straight” or “direct” and can refer to paths or ways made straight in both literal and metaphorical senses. It differs from λεῖος in that it emphasizes direction rather than the smoothness or texture of the path.
2. ὀμαλός (omalos) [pronounced o-ma-LOS]: Meaning “even” or “regular,” this word is similar to λεῖος in referring to smoothness but often emphasizes uniformity in shape or surface rather than a flat or polished quality.
3. τραχύς (trachys) [pronounced tra-KHYS]: This word means “rough” or “rugged,” and is essentially the opposite of λεῖος. It helps highlight the contrast between smooth and rough, particularly in biblical imagery.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As an adjective, λεῖος follows a regular pattern of declension in Greek. Here is its breakdown by case, number, and gender:

• Case: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative
• Number: Singular, Plural
• Gender: Masculine, Feminine, Neuter

Declension Table for λεῖος:

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For more on Greek grammar, including adjective declensions, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The word λεῖος carries both literal and figurative meanings throughout its usage in various Greek texts. In the New Testament, particularly in Luke 3:5, it is used to describe the leveling or smoothing of paths, symbolizing preparation for the Lord’s coming. In classical contexts, it is frequently used to describe physical smoothness or polished surfaces, such as stones or skin. Theologically, the word suggests a divine preparation, a smoothing out of obstacles to create a path for something new and transformative. This understanding aligns well with the biblical message of repentance and readiness for divine intervention.
This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Luke 3:5 – “Every valley shall be filled in, every mountain and hill made low. The crooked roads shall become straight, the rough ways smooth [λεῖος].”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word λεῖος provides valuable insight into the biblical narrative of preparation and transformation. Its application in both New Testament and classical contexts emphasizes the importance of smoothness and leveling, whether referring to physical terrain, objects, or metaphorical paths. By understanding the depth of λεῖος, readers can better appreciate the theological and cultural implications of this term in scripture.

Did You Know?

• Fact 1: The word λεῖος is used in contexts outside the Bible to describe polished armor and shields in Greek literature, emphasizing the beauty and craftsmanship of ancient Greek culture.
• Fact 2: In prophetic literature, the idea of making rough places smooth often symbolizes the removal of obstacles to divine revelation or intervention.
• Fact 3: The root concept of λεῖος was also used in philosophical texts to discuss ideals of refinement and perfection, adding a layer of depth to its use in biblical contexts.