Brief Overview of λίνον (Strong’s G3043: linon)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words like λίνον (linon) is vital for Biblical studies because it opens up deeper meanings and cultural insights that enrich the interpretation of scripture. The word λίνον, which appears in Matthew 12:20, translates to “flax” or “linen,” a term associated with both everyday life and symbolic imagery in the Bible. Its usage in the New Testament not only illustrates practical aspects of ancient life but also reveals significant theological concepts such as purity, fragility, and endurance. By examining the word λίνον, we gain a better understanding of both the literal and metaphorical language employed in the scriptures and ancient Greek culture.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: λίνον (linon) [pronunciation: LEE-non].

Etymology: The term λίνον traces its origin to the ancient Greek word for “flax” or “linen,” which is derived from the same root as the Latin linum. Flax was a crucial plant in the ancient world, used for making linen, which was a common material for clothing, sails, and other everyday items.

Part of Speech: Noun. λίνον is a neuter noun that follows the second declension pattern in Greek grammar. It is used in various cases to refer to linen as a material or object, such as a linen cloth or garment.

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Defining Meanings

1. Flax: The primary meaning of λίνον is “flax,” a plant used extensively in ancient times for making linen fabric. This understanding is foundational to recognizing how the word was used in various cultural and religious contexts, emphasizing the material’s importance in daily life.
2. Linen Cloth: λίνον also refers to linen cloth or garments. Linen was a symbol of purity and was commonly used in sacred and ceremonial contexts, such as in the attire of priests or in burial cloths, highlighting its dual practical and spiritual significance.

Exploring Similar Words

1. σπόγγος (spongos) [pronunciation: SPOHNG-gos]: This word means “sponge” and, like λίνον, relates to absorbent materials. However, while σπόγγος is a natural sea sponge, λίνον is a woven fabric derived from the flax plant.
2. κάμπος (kampos) [pronunciation: KAM-pos]: Refers to “linen garments,” specifically emphasizing finished articles of clothing, whereas λίνον can denote both the raw flax material and the finished linen fabric.
3. χλαῖνα (chlaina) [pronunciation: KHLIE-nah]: A broader term for “cloak” or “mantle,” which can be made from various materials, including linen, but does not specifically refer to linen like λίνον.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

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Case, Number, Gender:
λίνον is a neuter noun of the second declension with the following cases and numbers:

• Nominative Singular: λίνον (flax, linen)
• Genitive Singular: λίνου (of flax, linen)
• Dative Singular: λίνῳ (to/for flax, linen)
• Accusative Singular: λίνον (flax, linen)
• Nominative Plural: λίνα (flaxes, linens)
• Genitive Plural: λίνων (of flaxes, linens)
• Dative Plural: λίνοις (to/for flaxes, linens)
• Accusative Plural: λίνα (flaxes, linens)

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Studying Lexicon Insights

The word λίνον is noted in various lexicons as a versatile term that encompasses both the raw material (flax) and the finished product (linen). In New Testament contexts, λίνον is often used metaphorically to convey purity, fragility, or endurance, as in Matthew 12:20, where a “bruised reed” and “smoking flax” symbolize gentleness and restraint in justice. Classical usage similarly reflects λίνον as an everyday yet vital material, particularly in the making of garments, sails, and other goods. Theologically, linen’s association with sacred garments elevates its symbolic importance in Biblical literature.
This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Matthew 12:20 – “A bruised reed he will not break, and a smoldering flax [λίνον] he will not quench, till he brings justice to victory.”
2. Revelation 19:8 – “And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen [λίνον], clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word λίνον holds a significant place in both biblical and classical literature. It denotes both flax as a raw material and linen as a finished product, commonly used in everyday and sacred contexts. Its use in the New Testament often carries metaphorical weight, symbolizing purity, resilience, and divine gentleness. Recognizing these layers of meaning enhances our understanding of scripture and ancient Greek culture, where the practical and the spiritual were closely intertwined.

Did You Know?

• Fact 1: Linen, made from flax, was considered a luxurious fabric in ancient times and often worn by priests in religious ceremonies.
• Fact 2: The word λίνον appears in both the New Testament and the Septuagint, illustrating continuity in its cultural and spiritual significance.
• Fact 3: In Matthew 12:20, λίνον is used metaphorically to depict gentleness and care in leadership, emphasizing the value of every individual.