Brief Overview of κουστωδία (Strong’s G2892: koustōdia)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words in Biblical studies allows readers to gain deeper insights into the cultural, historical, and linguistic context of Scripture. The Greek word “κουστωδία” (koustōdia) appears in Matthew 27:65, where it refers to a “guard” or “watch.” This term is significant for New Testament interpretation as it provides insight into Roman practices during the time of Jesus, especially in the context of guarding His tomb. The word reflects the intersection of Roman authority and Jewish expectations, highlighting the tension in the narrative surrounding Jesus’ death and resurrection.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: κουστωδία (koustōdia) [koo-sto-DEE-ah].

Etymology: The word “κουστωδία” is derived from the Latin “custodia,” meaning “guard” or “watch.” It indicates the practice of guarding or overseeing a particular place or person, usually by a group of soldiers or guards.

Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine. The term is a first declension noun in Greek, which typically denotes a group or collective entity (e.g., a guard or a watch). The word is always used in the feminine singular or plural form, depending on the context in the narrative.

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Defining Meanings

1. Guard or Watch: The primary meaning of “κουστωδία” is a “guard” or “watch,” referring to a group of soldiers assigned to keep watch over a specific place or person. In Matthew 27:65, it refers to the Roman soldiers assigned to guard Jesus’ tomb.
2. Custody: It can also mean “custody” in a broader sense, indicating that something or someone is under the careful watch or supervision of guards. This usage implies a level of control or protection over the guarded subject.

Exploring Similar Words

1. φυλακή (phylakē) [foo-lah-KAY]: This word means “prison” or “watch,” often used for a place of confinement or the act of guarding. Unlike “κουστωδία,” which specifically denotes a guard unit, “φυλακή” can refer to both a location and the act of guarding.
2. ὁπλίτης (hoplitēs) [ho-plee-TAYS]: This term refers to a “soldier” or “guardsman” more generally. While “κουστωδία” focuses on the group or unit, “ὁπλίτης” refers to individual guardsmen.
3. παρατηρέω (paratēreō) [pa-ra-tee-REH-oh]: Meaning “to watch closely” or “to keep guard,” this verb emphasizes the action of guarding or surveillance rather than the entity or group performing it.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender: As a first declension noun, “κουστωδία” is feminine. It appears in the singular or plural form depending on the context:

• Nominative: κουστωδία (singular), κουστωδίαι (plural)
• Genitive: κουστωδίας (singular), κουστωδιῶν (plural)
• Dative: κουστωδίᾳ (singular), κουστωδίαις (plural)
• Accusative: κουστωδίαν (singular), κουστωδίας (plural)

Declension: “κουστωδία” belongs to the first declension class in Greek grammar. Below is a declension table for the noun:

For more insights into Greek grammar and declensions, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The word “κουστωδία” captures a significant cultural and historical context in the New Testament. Lexicons indicate that this term was used specifically to refer to Roman military practices, such as guarding critical locations. In the New Testament, it reflects the Roman influence on Jewish society and underscores the political tension between Roman authority and the Jewish religious leaders. The word also illustrates the seriousness with which the Jewish authorities and Romans treated the claim of Jesus’ resurrection, deploying an official guard unit to secure the tomb. Theologically, “κουστωδία” is often associated with the evidence of the resurrection narrative and the countermeasures taken by authorities to prevent the fulfillment of Jesus’ prophecy. This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Matthew 27:65: “Pilate said to them, ‘You have a guard (κουστωδίαν); go, make it as secure as you know how.'”
2. Matthew 27:66: “So they went and made the tomb secure by sealing the stone and setting a guard (κουστωδίας).”

Analyzing Classical Usage

The term “κουστωδία” is a transliteration of the Latin “custodia,” which reflects the Roman context in which it was used. As such, it is not commonly found in classical Greek literature or the Septuagint. Its use is more aligned with the Roman military and legal practices of the time.

Noteworthy Summary

“κουστωδία” provides a fascinating glimpse into the intersection of Roman military practices and Jewish religious life during the time of Jesus. The word’s use in Matthew 27:65-66 highlights the lengths to which authorities went to ensure the security of Jesus’ tomb, underscoring the political and theological stakes at play. By examining this word, readers gain a deeper understanding of the New Testament’s historical and cultural contexts.

Did You Know?

1. The word “κουστωδία” is one of the few Greek words in the New Testament directly derived from Latin, reflecting Roman influence on the language of the time.
2. “κουστωδία” specifically refers to a guard unit, typically composed of four to sixteen soldiers, used by the Romans for protecting important sites.
3. The use of “κουστωδία” in the Gospel narrative is critical for understanding the measures taken by Roman and Jewish leaders to prevent any tampering with Jesus’ tomb, ultimately setting the stage for the resurrection event.