Brief Overview of κορβᾶν (Strong’s G2878: korban)

Unveiling the Word

In Biblical studies, understanding specific Greek words like κορβᾶν (korban) is essential for grasping the cultural and religious practices of the time. Korban is particularly significant because it refers to a concept deeply rooted in Jewish religious traditions—offerings dedicated to God. Appearing in Matthew 27:6, this term is pivotal in understanding how offerings were perceived, managed, and utilized within the Jewish temple context. It provides insight into both New Testament interpretation and ancient Jewish culture, highlighting the intersection of religious devotion and ritual practices.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: κορβᾶν, transliterated as korban [kor-BAHN].

Etymology: The term korban originates from the Hebrew word קָרְבָּן (qorbān), meaning “offering” or “gift dedicated to God.” The Greek adaptation retains this sacred connotation of something devoted to God, whether it be money, animals, or other offerings.

Part of Speech: Noun. It is a masculine noun in Greek and follows the first declension pattern. This classification is important for understanding its use in various grammatical structures within the New Testament text.

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Defining Meanings

1. Sacred Offering: The primary meaning of korban is “a gift or offering dedicated to God.” In Jewish law, this referred to anything given to God as a sacred donation, such as money, animals, or produce.
2. Temple Treasury Contribution: It can also mean a specific financial contribution made to the Temple treasury. In this sense, the term is used to denote funds that are no longer accessible for personal use, as they are vowed to God.
3. Symbol of Vow and Sacrifice: The word korban symbolizes a vow of dedication, often signifying a deeper spiritual commitment to religious practices and laws.

Exploring Similar Words

1. δῶρον (dōron) [DOH-ron]: This word means “gift” or “present” and is more general than korban. It does not necessarily carry the sacred or vowed connotation of an offering to God.
2. θυσία (thysia) [thoo-SEE-ah]: Meaning “sacrifice,” this term emphasizes the act of offering a sacrifice, particularly an animal, in religious worship. It differs from korban in that it focuses on the act rather than the dedicated object or gift itself.
3. ἀναθέμα (anathema) [ah-NAH-the-mah]: While this word can mean “offering,” it often refers to something set apart or cursed, contrasting with the positive dedication implied in korban.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender:

• Nominative Singular: κορβᾶν
• Genitive Singular: κορβᾶνος
• Dative Singular: κορβᾶνῳ
• Accusative Singular: κορβᾶνα

Declension: Korban follows the first declension pattern in Greek. Here is a declension table for reference:

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Studying Lexicon Insights

The term korban is used in the New Testament primarily to describe offerings dedicated to God. It is especially noteworthy in Matthew 27:6, where the chief priests consider it unlawful to put the thirty pieces of silver, returned by Judas, into the temple treasury (korban) because it is “blood money.” This highlights the complex intersection of law, morality, and ritual purity. Lexicons highlight that korban signifies a devoted or consecrated gift, emphasizing its inviolability once vowed to God. The term also sheds light on Jewish practices, where vows and offerings played a crucial role in religious life. This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Matthew 27:6: “But the chief priests, taking the pieces of silver, said, ‘It is not lawful to put them into the treasury [κορβᾶν], since it is blood money.'”
2. Mark 7:11: “But you say, ‘If a man tells his father or his mother, Whatever you would have gained from me is Corban [κορβᾶν]’ (that is, given to God)—”
3. Mark 7:12: “Then you no longer permit him to do anything for his father or mother.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word korban is a vital term for understanding the religious practices and legal concerns in Jewish culture, especially regarding offerings and vows made to God. Its usage in the New Testament, particularly in the context of temple practices and the moral questions posed by Jesus, provides a rich background for interpreting religious and ethical conflicts in the Gospels.

Did You Know?

1. The word korban is directly borrowed from Hebrew into Greek, showing the influence of Jewish religious terminology in the New Testament writings.
2. The concept of korban was so serious in Jewish law that once something was declared as such, it could not be taken back or used for personal benefit.
3. The term korban appears in both the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, highlighting its importance in discussions on tradition versus the deeper moral implications of the Law.