Brief Overview of κονιορτός (Strong’s G2868: koniortos)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding the Greek word κονιορτός (koniortos) is essential for interpreting certain New Testament passages accurately. Appearing first in Matthew 10:14, this word refers to “dust” or “fine particles,” often used metaphorically to convey themes of rejection and purification. In the context of the New Testament, it is notably used in instructions given by Jesus to His disciples as they go out to preach the Gospel. The phrase “shake off the dust from your feet” symbolizes rejecting a place or community that does not welcome the message of God. In ancient Greek culture, dust could signify humility, insignificance, or even divine judgment, making this word a rich source for understanding both the spiritual and social dimensions of the biblical text.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: κονιορτός, transliterated as koniortos [koh-nee-OR-tos].

Etymology: The term koniortos is a combination of κόνις (konis), meaning “dust,” and ὄρτος (ortos), derived from a verb meaning “to raise” or “to lift up.” Thus, koniortos essentially refers to “raised dust,” which vividly describes a cloud of dust stirred up from the ground.

Part of Speech: Noun (masculine). As a noun, koniortos is often used in a figurative sense to describe dust stirred up by movement, such as the dust shaken off by the feet of travelers. It belongs to the second declension of Greek nouns.

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Defining Meanings

1. Dust Raised by Movement: The primary meaning of koniortos is dust that is stirred up, especially by walking or some form of movement. This is evident in the imagery used in biblical texts, where shaking off the dust symbolizes disassociation or rejection.
2. Symbol of Rejection and Judgment: Metaphorically, koniortos is used to symbolize the act of rejecting a place that has not accepted the Gospel message. This symbolic action reflects a deeper spiritual meaning of moving on from those who refuse to accept or understand the divine message.

Exploring Similar Words

1. κόνις (konis) [KO-nis]: Refers to “dust” in a more general sense, without the connotation of dust being stirred up or raised. It is more static, whereas koniortos involves movement or action.
2. πέτασμα (petasma) [PE-ta-sma]: Means “veil” or “covering,” suggesting a form of obscuring, but lacks the dynamic element of dust being raised or shaken off.
3. χόος (choos) [KHO-os]: Refers to “sand” or “fine earth,” more granular than koniortos, often used to describe something settled rather than stirred.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

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Case, Number, Gender: Koniortos is a masculine noun and follows the typical second-declension pattern in Greek. It can appear in various cases depending on its function in a sentence, such as nominative (κονιορτός) for the subject, genitive (κονιορτοῦ) to show possession, dative (κονιορτῷ) for indirect objects, and accusative (κονιορτόν) for direct objects.

Declension Table for κονιορτός:

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Studying Lexicon Insights

In the New Testament and classical Greek, koniortos primarily retains its literal meaning of “dust” raised by movement. However, in theological contexts, it is imbued with symbolic significance. In Matthew 10:14, Jesus instructs His disciples to “shake off the dust” from their feet as a testimony against any place that does not receive their message. This act indicates moving on and not carrying the negativity of rejection. Classical texts also use koniortos to describe dust clouds in battlefields, emphasizing chaos and transience. In both classical and biblical contexts, the word suggests impermanence, transition, and the ephemeral nature of earthly matters. This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Matthew 10:14: “And whoever does not receive you, nor heed your words, as you go out of that house or that city, shake off the dust [κονιορτὸν] from your feet.”
2. Luke 9:5: “And as for those who do not receive you, when you leave that city, shake off its dust [κονιορτὸν] from your feet as a testimony against them.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The word κονιορτός (koniortos) serves as a powerful metaphor in both classical and biblical texts. In its literal sense, it represents dust stirred up by movement, but in the Bible, it symbolizes the rejection of those who refuse to accept the Gospel. This action reflects a deeper spiritual truth about not allowing rejection to hinder one’s mission. Understanding this term enriches both New Testament studies and broader interpretations of ancient Greek texts.

Did You Know?

1. The phrase “shake off the dust” is still used in modern language to mean moving on from a negative experience.
2. In ancient warfare, soldiers often kicked up dust (koniortos) to obscure the view of their enemies.
3. The use of dust in Jewish customs had implications for ritual purity, adding depth to the metaphor in the New Testament.