Unveiling the Word
Understanding the Greek word κενοδοξία (kenodoxia) is essential in Biblical studies because it captures the concept of “empty glory” or “vain conceit,” a theme relevant to Christian teachings on humility and pride. This word is significant for interpreting New Testament passages that discuss the attitudes and behaviors expected of believers. In ancient Greek culture, κενοδοξία also sheds light on philosophical reflections regarding human nature, especially concerning honor and the pursuit of recognition.
Necessary Information
Greek Word: κενοδοξία (kenodoxia), pronounced [keh-noh-DOX-ee-ah].
Etymology: The term κενοδοξία comes from two Greek roots: κενός (kenos), meaning “empty” or “vain,” and δόξα (doxa), meaning “glory” or “reputation.” Thus, κενοδοξία literally translates to “empty glory” or “vain glory,” highlighting the futility of seeking praise or recognition that lacks substance or value.
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Part of Speech: κενοδοξία is a feminine noun. It follows the standard pattern of first declension nouns in Greek, which typically end in -α for the nominative singular form. The word does not have conjugation details as it is a noun, but its declension impacts how it is used in sentences regarding case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative).
The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.
Defining Meanings
The primary meaning of κενοδοξία is “vain glory” or “empty pride.” It is used to describe a pursuit of honor or recognition that is ultimately meaningless or devoid of true worth.
Another meaning is “self-conceit” or “arrogance,” where a person holds an inflated sense of their own importance or achievements. This use often appears in moral or ethical discussions, particularly in New Testament teachings warning against prideful behavior.
A third meaning is “vanity,” referring to an excessive focus on one’s appearance or reputation without regard for deeper values or truths. This understanding reflects the broader cultural critique of superficiality in both ancient Greek thought and early Christian writings.
Exploring Similar Words
ὑπερηφανία (hyperēphania) [hoo-per-ay-fan-EE-ah]: This word means “arrogance” or “haughtiness” and emphasizes a more blatant or overbearing form of pride compared to the subtler, more inward-focused κενοδοξία.
ἀλαζονεία (alazoneia) [al-ah-zon-AY-ah]: Translating as “boastfulness” or “pretentiousness,” it differs from κενοδοξία by focusing on outward boasting rather than inward emptiness.
φιλοτιμία (philotimia) [fee-lo-tee-MEE-ah]: Meaning “love of honor” or “ambition,” this word has a more positive connotation than κενοδοξία, often implying a healthy aspiration rather than empty pride.
Reviewing the Word’s Morphology
For Nouns/Adjectives: κενοδοξία is a first declension noun. Below is a declension table for κενοδοξία in the singular form:
| Case | Singular |
|---|---|
| Nominative | κενοδοξία |
| Genitive | κενοδοξίας |
| Dative | κενοδοξίᾳ |
| Accusative | κενοδοξίαν |
| Vocative | κενοδοξία |
These different cases reflect how the noun changes form based on its grammatical function in a sentence, such as subject, possession, indirect object, or direct object. Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.
Studying Lexicon Insights
Insights from various lexicons reveal that κενοδοξία is often used in contexts warning against self-centered or superficial pursuits. In the New Testament, it appears in Philippians 2:3, urging believers to “do nothing from selfish ambition or conceit,” highlighting the destructive nature of pride in Christian communities. Classical Greek literature also uses κενοδοξία to critique those who seek fame without merit, emphasizing moral integrity over outward success. Theological implications suggest a divine preference for humility and sincerity over the empty pursuit of status.
This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.
Tracing Related Scriptures
Philippians 2:3: “Do nothing from selfish ambition or conceit [κενοδοξίαν], but in humility count others more significant than yourselves.”
This verse uses κενοδοξία to admonish believers against pursuing personal glory at the expense of others, promoting a spirit of humility and service.
Analyzing Classical Usage
| Author | Name of Work | English Text with Greek Word |
|---|---|---|
| Aristotle | Nicomachean Ethics | “The man driven by (κενοδοξία) seeks honor without deserving it.” |
| Epictetus | Discourses | “Avoid the folly of (κενοδοξία), for it leads to misery.” |
| Septuagint | Psalms of Solomon 4:8 | “The proud are filled with (κενοδοξία), but the humble will see the Lord.” |
Noteworthy Summary
The Greek word κενοδοξία captures the essence of human pride and the pursuit of empty honor. It is a concept that speaks to the heart of ethical behavior both in ancient Greek philosophy and in New Testament teachings. The word challenges readers to consider the value of humility over superficial recognition, making it a critical term for understanding the ethical demands of early Christianity and its broader cultural context.
Did You Know?
The word κενοδοξία appears only once in the New Testament, in Philippians 2:3, but its message resonates throughout Christian teachings on humility.
In classical Greek thought, κενοδοξία was often contrasted with genuine virtues, serving as a critique of those who seek fame without merit.
The term has evolved in modern languages to imply not only vanity but also empty or baseless boasting, showing its lasting impact on concepts of character and morality.
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