Introduction
Understanding the Greek word Καϊάφας (Kaiaphas) is significant for Biblical studies because it identifies one of the most pivotal figures in the New Testament, particularly during the events leading up to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Caiaphas was the high priest of the Jewish Sanhedrin during Jesus’ trial, making his name synonymous with the religious and political dynamics of ancient Judea. Examining this name deepens our understanding of the cultural and historical context of the New Testament.
Key Information
- The Greek Word: Καϊάφας (Kaiaphas), pronounced [ka-ee-AH-fas].
- Etymology: Derived from the Aramaic קַיָּפָא (Qayyafa), meaning “rock” or “hollow.”
- Part of Speech: Proper noun (name).
- The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.
Primary Meanings
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- Caiaphas – The Jewish high priest involved in the trial of Jesus Christ.
Similar Words: Ἀννας (Annas) [AN-nas] – Another high priest mentioned in the New Testament, who was Caiaphas’s father-in-law and also played a role in the trial of Jesus. Unlike Καϊάφας, Annas served as high priest earlier but remained a powerful figure in Judea.
Further Insights: Καϊάφας is a proper noun and does not decline in Greek as typical nouns do. It is used exclusively as a name in the New Testament, making it a unique and immutable word in its context. Understanding the historical and cultural background of the word can provide deeper insights into the New Testament narratives. Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.
Lexicon Insights
- BDAG: Identifies Καϊάφας as the Jewish high priest during Jesus’ time, noted for his involvement in the plot to arrest and crucify Jesus (John 11:49-53).
- Thayers: Describes Caiaphas as the high priest appointed by the Roman prefect Valerius Gratus and later deposed by Vitellius. Highlights his significant role in the Sanhedrin’s decisions.
- Vines: Points out Caiaphas’s role as a central figure among the Jewish leaders who conspired against Jesus, underscoring the political tensions of the time.
- LSJ: Discusses the historical figure of Caiaphas, mentioning his extended tenure as high priest, which was unusual, reflecting his political alliances and influence.
- Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Lists Καϊάφας in the context of passages related to the trial and condemnation of Jesus, emphasizing his critical position in these narratives.
Related Scripture References
- Matthew 26:57: “Those who had seized Jesus led Him away to Caiaphas (Καϊάφας), the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were gathered together.”
- John 11:49-50: “But one of them, Caiaphas (Καϊάφας), who was high priest that year, said to them, ‘You know nothing at all, nor do you take into account that it is expedient for you that one man die for the people, and that the whole nation not perish.'”
- John 18:13: “And led Him to Annas first; for he was father-in-law to Caiaphas (Καϊάφας), who was the high priest that year.”
Classical Usage
While Καϊάφας itself is not found in classical Greek literature, its context and references in the New Testament and the Septuagint highlight the socio-political landscape of Judea under Roman rule. For a deeper understanding, we can examine the broader usage of names and titles in these texts:
| Author | Name of Work | English text |
|---|---|---|
| Septuagint | 1 Samuel 1:9 | “And Eli was sitting upon a seat (Καϊάφας) by the doorpost of the temple of the LORD.” |
| Josephus | Antiquities | “Annas, who had been high priest before Caiaphas (Καϊάφας), was called to counsel.” |
| Philo | De Specialibus Legibus | “The high priest, Caiaphas (Καϊάφας), ruled over the Jews with stern judgment.” |
Summary of Καϊάφας (G2533: Kaiaphas)
Καϊάφας (Kaiaphas) is a proper noun identifying the high priest of the Jewish Sanhedrin during the trial of Jesus. His name is closely associated with the arrest and crucifixion of Jesus, highlighting the complex interplay between Jewish religious authorities and Roman governance. Caiaphas’s role and actions are crucial for understanding the political and religious tensions of the New Testament era.
Did You Know?
- Caiaphas was the high priest for nearly 18 years, a long tenure that suggests significant political maneuvering.
- According to Josephus, Caiaphas was deposed by Vitellius, the Roman governor of Syria, in 36 AD.
- The Gospels and early Christian writings often portray Caiaphas as a central antagonist in the narrative of Jesus’ Passion.
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