Brief Overview of καταφρονητής (Strong’s G2707: kataphronētēs)

Introduction

In Biblical studies, understanding Greek words helps deepen our comprehension of the text and its underlying messages. The Greek word καταφρονητής (kataphronētēs), meaning “a despiser” or “one who shows contempt,” is particularly significant for its strong connotations of disdain and rejection. This word is crucial for interpreting New Testament passages that address attitudes of contempt, rejection, and pride. It also provides insight into the moral teachings of ancient Greek culture and the New Testament’s emphasis on humility and respect.

Key Information

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The Greek word is καταφρονητής (kataphronētēs), pronounced [ka-ta-fro-neh-TACE].

The etymology of καταφρονητής comes from the verb καταφρονέω (kataphroneō), meaning “to despise” or “to look down on,” and the suffix -της (-tēs), which denotes an agent or one who performs an action. Thus, καταφρονητής refers to someone who despises or looks down upon others.

καταφρονητής is a noun in Greek, specifically a masculine noun. It belongs to the first declension, which generally includes nouns ending in -ης for the masculine gender. The word declines based on case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative), number (singular, plural), and, as a masculine noun, does not change gender.

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Primary Meanings

Despiser: The primary meaning of καταφρονητής is “a despiser,” referring to a person who holds others in contempt or regards them with disdain.

One Who Shows Contempt: Another meaning is “one who shows contempt,” indicating someone who actively expresses disregard or scorn for others, often by word or action.

Scorner: The term can also mean “a scorner,” implying someone who mocks or derides others, usually from a position of perceived superiority or arrogance.

Similar Words

καταφρονέω (kataphroneō) [ka-ta-fro-NEH-o]: This word means “to despise” or “to look down on,” but it is a verb, whereas καταφρονητής is a noun denoting a person who performs the action of despising.

ἐξουθενητής (exouthenētēs) [ek-soo-the-neh-TACE]: This word translates to “one who treats with contempt” and is similar to καταφρονητής but may carry a more active sense of demeaning or belittling someone.

χλευαστής (chleuastēs) [khle-oo-as-TACE]: Meaning “a mocker” or “a scoffer,” this word is somewhat similar in that it describes someone who derides or mocks others, but it emphasizes ridicule more than general contempt.

Morphological Features

Case, Number, Gender: καταφρονητής is a masculine noun and follows the first declension pattern in Greek. It changes form according to its grammatical case and number.

Declension Table for καταφρονητής:

This table outlines the various forms of καταφρονητής depending on its role in a sentence, such as subject, object, or possessive.

For a more detailed explanation of Greek grammar and declensions, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Lexicon Insights

καταφρονητής carries strong negative connotations, often referring to individuals who embody arrogance, pride, and contempt. In New Testament contexts, such a person is typically condemned for their attitude of superiority and their disdain for others. This aligns with the teachings of humility and love that are central to the Gospel. In classical Greek literature, καταφρονητής might describe someone who scorns divine laws or social norms, revealing a broader cultural critique of arrogance and irreverence. The theological implications are significant, as this term reinforces the moral stance against pride and the necessity for humility and respect within the community.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Related Scripture References

Acts 13:41: “Behold, you scoffers (καταφρονηταί), and marvel, and perish; for I am accomplishing a work in your days, a work which you will never believe, though someone should describe it to you.”

Classical Usage

Summary of καταφρονητής (G2707)

καταφρονητής (kataphronētēs) is a Greek noun meaning “a despiser” or “one who shows contempt.” It describes a person characterized by disdain, contempt, or scorn towards others. This word appears in both classical Greek literature and the Septuagint, providing a broader cultural context for understanding its use in moral and ethical discussions. The term highlights attitudes condemned in the New Testament, emphasizing humility and mutual respect as core Christian virtues.

Did You Know?

The word καταφρονητής was often used in Greek philosophical texts to critique the arrogance of those who disregard societal norms and moral principles.

In ancient Greek culture, being labeled a καταφρονητής was a severe critique of one’s character, indicating not just arrogance but also a lack of honor.

The word appears in Acts 13:41, where Paul quotes a warning from the prophet Habakkuk, emphasizing the consequences of unbelief and contempt for God’s works.