Brief Overview of κατατομή (Strong’s G2699: katatomē)

Introduction

Understanding Greek words is crucial for biblical studies as it offers a deeper comprehension of scriptural meanings and context. The Greek word κατατομή (katatomē) is particularly significant in this regard. This term is essential for interpreting specific New Testament passages where it appears, often with connotations of cutting or division. Moreover, it offers valuable insights into ancient Greek culture, where the act of cutting or circumcision had both physical and metaphorical applications. By exploring its various meanings, similar words, and usage in ancient texts, we gain a fuller understanding of its implications both in biblical literature and classical Greek contexts.

Key Information

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The Greek Word:

• Greek Word: κατατομή
• Transliteration: katatomē
• Pronunciation: ka-ta-to-MAY

Etymology:

• Root Words: Derived from the preposition κατά (katá) meaning “down” or “against,” and τομή (tomē) meaning “cutting” or “incision.” Together, they denote the concept of “cutting down” or “a cutting.”

Part of Speech:

• Part of Speech: Noun (Feminine)
• Grammatical Details: First declension, feminine gender.

The F.O.G Word Choice:

• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• A Cutting or Incision: Refers to a literal act of cutting or making an incision, often with a sharp instrument.
• Circumcision: Used metaphorically to describe the act of circumcision, particularly in a negative or derogatory sense in the New Testament.
• Separation or Division: Implies a division or a metaphorical “cutting off” from something, which can be applied in rhetorical or philosophical contexts.

Similar Words

• περιτομή (peritomē) – Pronunciation: pe-ree-to-MAY
  Meaning: Refers specifically to “circumcision” in a more neutral or positive context, especially regarding the Jewish practice.
• τομή (tomē) – Pronunciation: to-MAY
  Meaning: Means “a cut” or “incision,” focusing on the act of cutting without the prefix κατά (katá) that adds a sense of downward or decisive action.
• κατακοπή (katakopē) – Pronunciation: ka-ta-ko-PAY
  Meaning: Refers to “mutilation” or “cutting off” and can carry a more severe or violent connotation compared to κατατομή (katatomē).

Morphological Features

For Nouns/Adjectives:

• Case, Number, Gender:
• Case: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative
• Number: Singular
• Gender: Feminine
• Declension:
  κατατομή (katatomē) follows the first declension pattern for feminine nouns in Greek. Below is a declension table for singular forms:

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Lexicon Insights

The word κατατομή (katatomē) is interpreted across various Greek lexicons as relating primarily to cutting or making an incision. In the New Testament, particularly in Philippians 3:2, it is used in a derogatory sense to refer to “the mutilation” of the flesh, contrasting the concept of true circumcision, which is spiritual rather than physical. This term is used to critique those who focus on outward rituals rather than inner spiritual transformation. In classical Greek contexts, κατατομή can also refer to any division or separation, extending beyond the physical act to denote metaphorical or philosophical separations.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Related Scripture References

• Philippians 3:2: “Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the concision [κατατομήν].”

Classical Usage

Summary of κατατομή (G2699)

The Greek word κατατομή (katatomē) is a compelling term that sheds light on both New Testament writings and classical Greek literature. As a word that signifies cutting or division, it provides essential context for interpreting passages like Philippians 3:2, where it is used metaphorically to critique those who focus on physical rituals rather than spiritual faith. Its usage in classical literature also emphasizes its broader applications in philosophical and rhetorical discussions, further enriching our understanding of its meaning and implications.

Did You Know?

• Fact 1: The prefix κατά (katá) often intensifies the meaning of the root word, making κατατομή more forceful than the simpler τομή.
• Fact 2: In Philippians 3:2, κατατομή is a play on words, contrasting with περιτομή to distinguish between outward, ritualistic circumcision and inner spiritual transformation.
• Fact 3: The word κατατομή is rarely used in classical literature, highlighting its specialized meaning and usage in the New Testament context.