Brief Overview of ἔριον (Strong’s G2053: érion)

Introduction

Understanding Greek words is essential in Biblical studies, as it reveals deeper layers of meaning embedded in the original texts. The Greek word ἔριον (érion), meaning “wool,” is particularly significant because it is often used metaphorically in both biblical and classical literature to convey ideas of purity, softness, and gentleness. Its usage in the New Testament provides insight into the cultural and religious symbolism of the time, especially in relation to imagery of cleanliness and spiritual purity.

Key Information

• The Greek Word: ἔριον (érion) [EH-ree-on]
• Etymology: Derived from the Proto-Indo-European root wer, meaning “to cover” or “to envelop,” which is connected to words denoting materials used for covering, such as wool.
• Part of Speech: Noun (neuter); second declension.
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• Wool: Refers to the soft, curly hair from sheep or similar animals used in making cloth or fabric.
• Fleece: The entire coat of wool shorn from a sheep at one time.
• Metaphorical Purity: Used symbolically to refer to whiteness, cleanliness, or purity, especially in spiritual or moral contexts.

Similar Words: μαλλός (mallós) [mah-LOSS] also means “wool” but specifically refers to tufts of wool or down. While ἔριον (érion) is used to describe wool in general, μαλλός (mallós) emphasizes smaller, softer pieces of wool.

Further Insights: The word ἔριον (érion) is a neuter noun following the second declension pattern. Its declension reflects the typical forms for neuter nouns in Greek, as shown in the table below:

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Lexicon Insights

BDAG: ἔριον is defined as “wool,” primarily referring to the material itself. The lexicon notes its usage in New Testament passages as a metaphor for purity, referencing its white, clean appearance.

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Thayer’s: Describes ἔριον as “wool” and highlights its symbolic use in biblical literature to denote moral purity or spiritual cleanliness. It is often used in contexts where the cleansing of sins is discussed.

Vine’s Expository Dictionary: Focuses on ἔριον as a material representing purity and innocence. Vine’s notes that it is frequently employed in prophetic literature to convey divine qualities of holiness and perfection.

LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones): Lists ἔριον as “wool,” noting its extensive use in classical Greek literature to describe clothing, textiles, and the material culture of ancient Greece.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Provides the definition “wool,” with a focus on its symbolic meanings in the New Testament. It points out its metaphorical usage in describing purity and cleanliness in a religious context.

Related Scripture References

• Hebrews 9:19: “For when every commandment of the law had been declared by Moses to all the people, he took the blood of calves and goats, with water and scarlet wool [ἔριον] and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people.”
• Revelation 1:14: “The hairs of his head were white, like white wool [ἔριον], like snow. His eyes were like a flame of fire.”
• Isaiah 1:18 (LXX): “Though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they are red like crimson, they shall become like wool [ἔριον].”

Classical Usage

Septuagint Examples:

Summary of ἔριον (G2053)

In summary, ἔριον (érion) is a Greek noun meaning “wool” and is used in various contexts within the New Testament and classical literature to convey concepts of softness, warmth, and purity. In biblical texts, the word often symbolizes purity and spiritual cleanliness, as seen in its metaphorical use in Revelation and Hebrews. The use of ἔριον in both ancient Greek literature and the Septuagint reflects its importance in daily life as well as in symbolic representations of holiness. Understanding this word enhances the appreciation of biblical passages where it appears and provides cultural insights into ancient Greek society.

Did You Know?

Did you know that ἔριον (érion) is not only a symbol of purity in biblical texts but also was a highly valued material in ancient Greece, used in the making of clothing, blankets, and other essential items? The Greeks prized wool for its warmth and durability, making it a staple of ancient textile production.