Brief Overview of κῦμα (Strong’s G2949: kyma)

Unveiling the Word

In the study of Biblical Greek, understanding the original words can unlock deeper meanings within scripture. The Greek word κῦμα (kyma), which appears in Matthew 8:24, is significant as it provides a vivid image of a wave, often used metaphorically to represent turbulence, chaos, and the power of nature. It is especially relevant in New Testament interpretation, where the term often appears in contexts describing the sea and its unpredictability, thereby symbolizing trials, challenges, and divine control over natural elements. Understanding this word helps readers appreciate how the biblical text conveys the might and authority of God in calming the storms of life, both literal and figurative.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: κῦμα (kyma) [KY-mah]
Etymology: Derived from the root word κύω (kuō), meaning “to swell” or “to be pregnant,” which figuratively extends to describe the rising and falling motion of waves. The concept here is one of something that is burgeoning or increasing in size and force, much like a wave growing on the sea.

Part of Speech: Noun (neuter). κῦμα is a third-declension noun in Greek, with its plural form being κύματα (kymata). The word is used in both literal and metaphorical contexts throughout Greek literature, including the New Testament.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

Meaning 1: Wave
The primary meaning of κῦμα is “wave,” referring specifically to the undulating, rising, and falling motion of water in the sea. This is the most direct and common usage found in the New Testament, especially in narratives involving sea travel or storms, such as Matthew 8:24, where Jesus calms the storm.

Meaning 2: Surge or Billow
In a more extended sense, κῦμα can also refer to a “surge” or “billow,” describing any large, rolling movement that is forceful and potentially destructive. This usage can also be metaphorical, referring to a great wave of emotion, such as anger or fear, overwhelming an individual or group.

Meaning 3: Metaphorical Use for Trials or Challenges
Metaphorically, κῦμα is employed to symbolize challenges or overwhelming circumstances that rise up against a person or group, reflecting the unpredictable and sometimes violent nature of life’s difficulties.

Exploring Similar Words

πλήμμυρα (plēmmyra) [PLEM-my-ra]: Refers specifically to a “flood” or “overflow,” emphasizing a large quantity of water that overwhelms the land. Unlike κῦμα, which refers to individual waves, πλήμμυρα denotes a broader, encompassing deluge.

κατάκλυσμος (kataklysmos) [ka-ta-KLYS-mos]: Means “cataclysm” or “deluge” and is used to describe a catastrophic flood, such as the one experienced by Noah. It differs from κῦμα by emphasizing total destruction rather than individual surges or waves.

τρικυμία (trikymia) [tri-ky-MEE-a]: This word refers to a “storm” or “tempest,” specifically describing rough seas with multiple waves in rapid succession. It is often used to depict tumultuous situations, whereas κῦμα focuses on individual waves within the broader storm.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

For Nouns/Adjectives:

• Case, Number, Gender: κῦμα is a neuter noun that follows the third declension pattern in Greek. It can be found in the singular form (κῦμα) or plural form (κύματα), and its case endings change depending on its syntactical role in a sentence (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative).
• Declension: The declension of κῦμα follows a third declension pattern as illustrated below:

For a more in-depth understanding of Greek declensions, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The word κῦμα appears in various lexicons, emphasizing its literal meaning as “wave” and its figurative uses to describe tumultuous circumstances. In the New Testament, κῦμα is often employed to depict the trials faced by believers, particularly those involving natural elements that require divine intervention. In classical literature, it is used similarly to denote literal waves and metaphorical challenges, highlighting the common human experience of facing overwhelming forces. The theological implications of κῦμα suggest God’s sovereignty over chaos and His ability to bring peace and calm in the midst of life’s storms.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Matthew 8:24: “And behold, there arose a great storm on the sea, so that the boat was being swamped by the waves [κύματα]; but he was asleep.”

James 1:6: “But let him ask in faith, with no doubting, for the one who doubts is like a wave [κῦμα] of the sea that is driven and tossed by the wind.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The word κῦμα (kyma) provides rich imagery for understanding the tumultuous and often chaotic forces that can arise in life, both literally in the form of sea waves and metaphorically as overwhelming trials. Its use in the New Testament serves to illustrate both the reality of these challenges and the divine power that can bring calm and order. This word bridges the understanding between the natural and spiritual realms, offering deeper insight into God’s control over the elements and the lives of His people.

Did You Know?

• Did you know? The word κῦμα was commonly used by ancient Greek poets like Homer to depict both literal waves and metaphorical struggles, showing the continuity of this imagery across literature.
• Did you know? In biblical times, seas and waves were often seen as symbols of chaos and evil, making Jesus’ act of calming the storm in Matthew 8:24 a powerful demonstration of His divine authority.
• Did you know? The metaphorical use of κῦμα to describe human emotions and turmoil is still relevant today in many languages, continuing its rich literary and symbolic tradition.