Brief Overview of Γαμαλιήλ (G1059: Gamaliel)

Transliteration and Meaning:
The Greek word Γαμαλιήλ (transliterated as Gamaliel and pronounced gah-mah-LEE-el) is a proper noun referring to a prominent Jewish rabbi and member of the Sanhedrin mentioned in the New Testament. The name Gamaliel is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew גַּמְלִיאֵל (Gamliel), which means “God is my reward” or “recompense of God.” Gamaliel is best known as a respected teacher of the law in Judaism and a mentor to the Apostle Paul before his conversion to Christianity.

Lexical Insights and Biblical Usage:
In the New Testament, Gamaliel is mentioned specifically in the Book of Acts, where he is portrayed as a wise and respected leader. According to BDAG (Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich), Gamaliel refers to the Pharisee doctor of Jewish law, known for his moderate and thoughtful approach to legal matters. He is particularly noted for his speech in Acts 5:34-39, where he advises the Sanhedrin to exercise caution in dealing with the apostles, suggesting that if their movement is of human origin, it will fail, but if it is from God, they will not be able to stop it.

Thayer’s Greek Lexicon echoes this description, emphasizing Gamaliel’s reputation as a leading authority in Jewish law during the first century. His influence is also seen in his role as a mentor to Saul of Tarsus, who would later become the Apostle Paul. The lexicons highlight Gamaliel’s wisdom and his impact on early Christian history through his counsel and teachings.

Key biblical verses where Gamaliel is mentioned include:

• Acts 5:34-39: Gamaliel’s counsel to the Sanhedrin regarding the treatment of the apostles, showcasing his wisdom and insight.
• Acts 22:3: Paul’s reference to being educated under Gamaliel, indicating his profound influence on Paul’s early life.

Classical Greek Usage:
The name Gamaliel itself is predominantly used in the New Testament and does not have extensive references in classical Greek literature. However, Jewish historical writings, particularly those of Josephus, provide context for understanding the environment in which Gamaliel operated.

1. Josephus’ “Antiquities of the Jews”: Although Gamaliel is not mentioned directly by Josephus, the context of the Pharisaic tradition in which he was a leading figure is well-documented, illustrating the significance of his role within the broader Jewish religious landscape of the time.
2. Mishnah (Pirkei Avot): Gamaliel is more prominently mentioned in Jewish rabbinical literature, particularly in the Mishnah, where he is noted for his leadership and contributions to Jewish thought.
3. Talmud: The Talmud, although written later, reveres Gamaliel as one of the great Jewish sages, often quoting his teachings and legal decisions.

Summary:
The name Γαμαλιήλ (Gamaliel) in the Greek New Testament refers to a revered Jewish teacher and member of the Sanhedrin, known for his wisdom and moderate stance on legal and religious matters. Mentioned primarily in the Book of Acts, Gamaliel is recognized for his counsel to the Sanhedrin concerning the early Christian apostles and his role as a mentor to Paul before his conversion. Lexicons such as BDAG and Thayer’s Greek Lexicon emphasize Gamaliel’s significance in Jewish law and his indirect influence on the early Christian movement. While the name Gamaliel itself is not extensively found in classical Greek literature, his legacy is well-preserved in Jewish historical and rabbinical writings. Understanding Gamaliel’s role provides valuable insights into the religious and legal context of first-century Judaism and its interactions with early Christianity.