Introduction
Understanding Greek words used in the Bible is crucial for delving deeper into the text’s original meaning and context. The word ἐπιγραφή (epigraphē), Strong’s G1923, is particularly significant because it refers to inscriptions or writings that hold cultural, religious, or legal importance in ancient contexts. Its relevance extends to New Testament interpretation, where it often highlights themes related to authority, ownership, or identification. Understanding this term enriches our appreciation of the cultural and historical background of the scriptures and ancient Greek society.
Key Information
- The Greek Word: ἐπιγραφή (epigraphē) [eh-pee-gra-FAY]
- Etymology Root Words: From ἐπί (epi, “upon”) and γράφω (graphō, “to write”), meaning “something written upon” or “inscription.”
- Part of Speech: Noun, feminine. This word follows the first declension pattern in Greek grammar.
- The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.
Primary Meanings
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- An inscription, something written upon a surface.
- A title or label, often engraved or written on a stone, monument, or coin.
- In the New Testament context, it can refer to official writing or a designation of authority.
Similar Words: Other related Greek words include γράμμα (gramma) [GRAM-ma], meaning “letter” or “writing” in a general sense, and τίτλος (titlos) [TEE-tlos], which specifically refers to a “title” or “superscription.” ἐπιγραφή (epigraphē) differs as it often implies an engraved or inscribed text, indicating something permanent or official.
Further Insights: The noun ἐπιγραφή stems from the verb ἐπιγράφω (epigraphō), meaning “to inscribe” or “to write upon.” As a first declension noun, it features the characteristic feminine endings that provide clues about its grammatical usage in sentences. This word frequently appears in contexts relating to authority, property, or legal rights in ancient texts, underscoring its importance in understanding socio-legal structures of the time.
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Lexicon Insights
- BDAG: Describes ἐπιγραφή as an “inscription” or “superscription,” particularly one that carries authority, such as a legal document, monument inscription, or label of ownership. It is used in contexts to signify something officially written and recognized.
- Thayers: Focuses on the word’s use in the New Testament to denote inscriptions or titles, often implying a public notice or official declaration. It underscores the cultural practice of using inscriptions to denote property, authority, or commemoration.
- Vines: Highlights ἐπιγραφή as a specific type of writing, especially in legal or formal contexts. It can refer to inscriptions on coins, buildings, or documents that carry specific cultural or legal significance.
- LSJ: Notes its classical usage, where it is often seen as an “inscription” on monuments, statues, or coins. It can also refer to short texts meant to denote purpose, ownership, or identity.
- Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Defines it as “an inscription,” often used to indicate something written officially, such as a superscription on a cross, a title on a property, or an inscription on a coin.
Related Scripture References
- Mark 15:26: “And the inscription (ἐπιγραφή) of the charge against Him read, ‘The King of the Jews.'”
- Luke 23:38: “Now there was also an inscription (ἐπιγραφή) above Him, ‘THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.'”
- Acts 17:23: “For as I was passing through and examining the objects of your worship, I also found an altar with this inscription (ἐπιγραφή), ‘TO AN UNKNOWN GOD.'”
Classical Usage
| Author | Name of Work | English Text |
|---|---|---|
| Herodotus | Histories | “The inscription (ἐπιγραφή) on the monument was a record of his achievements.” |
| Plutarch | Lives of the Noble Greeks | “An inscription (ἐπιγραφή) declared the dedication to Athena.” |
| Xenophon | Anabasis | “The soldiers found an ancient inscription (ἐπιγραφή) marking the boundaries.” |
| Septuagint | Exodus | “They placed an inscription (ἐπιγραφή) above the altar for all to see.” |
| Septuagint | 1 Kings | “And there was an inscription (ἐπιγραφή) on the stone marking the covenant.” |
| Septuagint | Isaiah | “The inscription (ἐπιγραφή) of the scroll foretold the coming events.” |
Summary of ἐπιγραφή (G1923)
The Greek word ἐπιγραφή (epigraphē) refers to an inscription or writing, often engraved or marked upon an object, stone, or monument. It carries significant weight in both Biblical and classical Greek literature, frequently associated with authority, ownership, or commemoration. Understanding its use in New Testament passages, where it identifies key moments of declaration or condemnation, provides a richer perspective on the socio-cultural and legal settings of the time. Its prevalence in both sacred and secular texts underscores its broad application and importance in ancient Greek culture.
Did You Know?
In ancient Rome and Greece, inscriptions (ἐπιγραφή) were not only used to commemorate victories or mark territories but also served as important public notices. For example, the inscriptions found on Roman coins often declared the emperor’s achievements or divine favor, providing a form of propaganda in everyday transactions.
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