Brief Overview of ἐπαρχεία (Strong’s G1885: eparcheia)

Introduction

In Biblical studies, understanding Greek words is vital to interpreting the New Testament’s depth and contextual nuances. The Greek word ἐπαρχεία (eparcheia) is significant as it pertains to administrative and political domains, particularly in Roman governance. It provides insight into the historical context of the New Testament era, where Roman provincial systems impacted societal structures, influencing the daily lives of the early Christian communities and shaping the socio-political landscape of the time.

Key Information

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The Greek Word: ἐπαρχεία, transliterated as eparcheia [eh-par-KHAY-ah].
Etymology: Derived from ἐπάρχω (eparchō, meaning “to rule over” or “to govern”) and -εία (-eia), a suffix denoting a state or condition.
Part of Speech: Noun (feminine), first declension.
The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

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A province or district governed by a Roman prefect or procurator.
The office or authority of a governor.
Administrative jurisdiction.

Similar Words: ἀρχή (archē) [ar-KHAY], meaning “beginning,” “authority,” or “rule.” While ἀρχή broadly covers authority and governance, ἐπαρχεία specifically denotes a geographical and political entity under a governor’s authority within the Roman Empire.

Further Insights: ἐπαρχεία comes from the root ἐπάρχω, which means “to govern” or “to have authority over,” emphasizing its administrative nature. As a noun, it signifies not only the territorial domain but also the jurisdiction and the administrative role of the governing authority. The term is especially useful for understanding the Roman provincial system during the New Testament era, where different regions had varied forms of governance under Roman law. Below is a table showing the full declension of ἐπαρχεία:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ἐπαρχεία	ἐπαρχεῖαι
Genitive	ἐπαρχείας	ἐπαρχειῶν
Dative	ἐπαρχείᾳ	ἐπαρχείαις
Accusative	ἐπαρχείαν	ἐπαρχείας
Vocative	ἐπαρχεία	ἐπαρχεῖαι

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek to learn more about Greek nouns and their declensions.

Lexicon Insights

BDAG: Defines ἐπαρχεία as “a province or administrative district,” with specific reference to Roman provincial governance systems, where the term describes both the geographical region and the governmental authority overseeing it.

Thayers: Describes ἐπαρχεία as “a province” or “a district under the rule of a governor,” highlighting its use in describing Roman administrative territories during the New Testament period.

Vines: Notes that ἐπαρχεία refers to the “jurisdiction of a Roman governor,” particularly in contexts where administrative authority and regional governance are emphasized.

LSJ: Lists ἐπαρχεία as “the office of a prefect” or “province,” indicating both the geographical aspect and the administrative authority vested in the governor or prefect.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Recognizes ἐπαρχεία as “a province” or “an official district,” underscoring its use in Roman administrative contexts where governance and jurisdiction are key elements.

Related Scripture References

Luke 3:1: “Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judaea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene.” (ἐπαρχεία is inferred in describing the jurisdiction of various regional rulers.)

Classical Usage

Author	Name of Work	English Text with Greek Word in Parentheses
Strabo	Geography	“The Roman (ἐπαρχεία) of Asia was known for its wealth and influence.”
Polybius	Histories	“The governor maintained order within the (ἐπαρχεία) using Roman law.”
Dio Cassius	Roman History	“Each (ἐπαρχεία) was under the authority of a Roman prefect or procurator.”
Septuagint Example	1 Maccabees 10:30 (LXX)	“And I remit to you all the tributes which the kings before me have remitted and whatever other payments they have remitted from the regions (ἐπαρχεία) of Judea.”
Septuagint Example	2 Maccabees 4:27 (LXX)	“When Apollonius the son of Menestheus was sent into Egypt for the coronation of King Ptolemy Philometor, Antiochus, learning that he was ill disposed toward his government, provided for his own safety; whereupon he came to Joppa and from there to Jerusalem.” (ἐπαρχεία in terms of administrative regions).
Septuagint Example	Esther 8:9 (LXX)	“Then were the king’s scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces (ἐπαρχεία) which are from India unto Ethiopia.”

Summary of ἐπαρχεία (G1885: eparcheia)

The Greek word ἐπαρχεία (eparcheia), meaning “province” or “district under the rule of a governor,” provides significant insight into the socio-political context of the New Testament era. It denotes both a geographical and administrative concept, central to understanding the Roman provincial system. The term is pivotal for comprehending the interplay between local and imperial powers in the regions mentioned in the New Testament. Examining its lexical meanings and scriptural occurrences enhances our understanding of how early Christian communities navigated their socio-political environment under Roman rule.

Did You Know?

Did you know that ἐπαρχεία not only referred to Roman provinces but also extended to any region under a centralized administrative authority? This term was essential in differentiating regions governed directly by Rome from those managed by local client kings or tetrarchs. The concept of ἐπαρχεία is crucial for understanding the New Testament’s references to local governance, taxes, and jurisdictional authority, reflecting the complex administrative landscape early Christians navigated.