Brief Overview of γελάω (G1070: geláō)

Transliteration and Meaning:
The Greek word γελάω (transliterated as geláō and pronounced as “geh-LAH-oh”) is a verb that primarily means “to laugh.” This word is relatively straightforward in its meaning, indicating the act of laughing, which can range from a light-hearted chuckle to more intense laughter. The root of γελάω is not derived from any other word, but it stands on its own as a simple verb in the Greek language. In the context of the New Testament, geláō often carries deeper implications, especially when used in contrast to weeping or sorrow.

Lexical Insights and Biblical Usage:
In lexicons like BDAG, Thayer’s, Vines, and Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance, γελάω is consistently defined as “to laugh.” BDAG notes that the word appears only a few times in the New Testament, emphasizing its role in depicting both genuine joy and sometimes scorn or derision. Thayer’s Lexicon expands on this, explaining that laughter in the ancient world could be seen as a response to various emotional states, including happiness, surprise, and even disbelief.

The word γελάω is used sparingly in the New Testament, appearing in passages such as Luke 6:21, where Jesus states, “Blessed are you who weep now, for you shall laugh.” Here, geláō is used in a positive, future-oriented sense, signifying the joy that will come after a period of sorrow. In contrast, Luke 6:25 presents a warning: “Woe to you who laugh now, for you shall mourn and weep.” This verse uses geláō to highlight the fleeting nature of earthly joys in contrast to the deeper, often more enduring, experiences of sorrow.

Usage in Classical Greek Literature:
In classical Greek literature, γελάω was commonly used to describe laughter in various contexts, from the joyous to the sarcastic. For example, in Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, the word is often employed to depict the laughter of gods and mortals alike, sometimes in scenes of banter, other times in moments of triumph. In Aristophanes’ comedies, geláō is frequently used to evoke the laughter of the audience, demonstrating its role in both everyday life and theatrical performances.

One notable example is from Plato’s Symposium, where geláō is used to describe the laughter that erupts during a discussion on love and human nature. Another instance is in Euripides’ Medea, where the word captures the sinister laughter of characters as they plot revenge, showing that laughter could also convey malice or mockery.

Summary:
The word γελάω (G1070), transliterated as geláō, is a Greek verb meaning “to laugh.” It carries the straightforward meaning of laughter, which can be light-hearted, joyful, or even scornful, depending on the context. Lexicons such as BDAG and Thayer’s affirm this basic definition while also noting the nuanced ways it is used in the New Testament. While geláō appears only a few times in the New Testament, it plays a crucial role in contrasting joy and sorrow, as seen in Luke 6:21 and 6:25. In classical Greek literature, geláō is widely used to depict laughter in various emotional contexts, from happiness to derision, as seen in works by Homer, Aristophanes, and Plato. Thus, geláō encompasses a broad range of human experiences, highlighting the complex role of laughter in both ancient and modern times.