Brief Overview of Δειλία (G1167: Deilía)

Deilía (pronounced day-LEE-ah, δειλία) is a Greek noun found under Strong’s Concordance number G1167. The word Deilía is derived from the root word δειλός (deilós), which means “timid” or “cowardly.” Deilía specifically refers to “timidity,” “cowardice,” or “fearfulness.” It denotes a lack of courage or a state of being overwhelmed by fear, often to the point of inaction or retreat. The term is generally used in a negative sense, contrasting with the qualities of bravery, confidence, and faith.

In its primary usage, Deilía represents a state of fearfulness or cowardice that prevents an individual from taking necessary or appropriate action. This term often conveys a sense of shame or weakness, as it implies a failure to stand firm or act courageously in the face of challenges. In the New Testament, Deilía is used to describe a spirit of fear that is not in line with the strength, love, and sound mind that comes from faith in God.

Scripture References

1. 2 Timothy 1:7: “For God gave us a spirit not of fear (δειλίας, deilías) but of power and love and self-control.” In this verse, Deilía is contrasted with the positive attributes of power, love, and self-discipline, emphasizing that fear is not from God.
2. Revelation 21:8: “But as for the cowardly (δειλοῖς, deilois), the faithless, the detestable, as for murderers, the sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their portion will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death.” Although Deilía is not directly mentioned, the related term δειλοῖς emphasizes the seriousness of cowardice in the context of eternal judgment.

Detailed Description from Lexicons

In BDAG (Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich), Deilía is defined as “timidity” or “cowardice,” with a focus on its negative connotations. BDAG highlights that Deilía is associated with a lack of moral or spiritual courage, often leading to inaction or failure to do what is right. The lexicon notes that Deilía is used in the New Testament to describe a spirit of fear that is contrary to the characteristics of a faithful believer.

Thayer’s Lexicon describes Deilía as “timidity” or “fearfulness,” emphasizing its use in contexts where fear prevents proper action. Thayer’s points out that Deilía is often contrasted with virtues such as bravery, faith, and confidence. The lexicon also highlights the term’s association with a lack of trust in God, which can lead to spiritual weakness and moral failure.

The LSJ (Liddell, Scott, Jones) lexicon provides a broader context for Deilía, noting its use in classical Greek to describe cowardice or a lack of courage. LSJ emphasizes that Deilía was commonly viewed as a negative trait in Greek culture, associated with dishonor and shame. The term was often used in both military and moral contexts to describe individuals who failed to act bravely in the face of danger or adversity.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance lists Deilía as “timidity” or “cowardice,” focusing on its role in describing a state of fear that is opposed to the boldness and confidence expected of believers. The concordance highlights the importance of recognizing and overcoming Deilía in the Christian life, as it represents a spirit that hinders spiritual growth and effective ministry.

Usage in Classical Greek Literature

Deilía appears in various classical Greek texts, often in contexts related to bravery, honor, and moral integrity.

1. Thucydides in “The History of the Peloponnesian War” uses Deilía to describe the cowardice of soldiers who fail to stand their ground in battle, emphasizing the dishonor associated with such behavior.
2. Plato in “The Republic” discusses Deilía in the context of moral courage, where it is contrasted with the virtue of bravery. Plato views Deilía as a significant moral failing that undermines the character and integrity of individuals.
3. Xenophon in “Cyropaedia” uses Deilía to describe the fear and hesitation of leaders who are unable to make decisive decisions in times of crisis. Xenophon highlights the importance of overcoming Deilía to achieve success in leadership and governance.

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Summary

Deilía (pronounced day-LEE-ah, δειλία) is a Greek noun meaning “timidity,” “cowardice,” or “fearfulness.” Derived from δειλός (deilós), the term is used to describe a state of fear that prevents an individual from acting courageously or appropriately. In the New Testament, Deilía is presented as a negative trait that contrasts with the virtues of power, love, and self-control, which are gifts of the Holy Spirit. Lexicons such as BDAG, Thayer’s, and LSJ emphasize the negative connotations of Deilía, associating it with moral and spiritual weakness. In classical Greek literature, Deilía is often used to describe cowardice in military and moral contexts, reflecting its broader cultural significance as a trait to be avoided. The word Deilía serves as a reminder of the importance of courage and faith in overcoming fear and living a life that honors God.