Brief Overview of δένδρον (G1186: déndron)

Déndron (pronounced DEN-dron) is a Greek noun meaning “tree.” It is used in both literal and metaphorical contexts throughout Greek literature and the New Testament. The word is derived from ancient Greek, and it belongs to the neuter gender in terms of grammatical classification. Déndron is a common term in the Greek language, used extensively to describe various types of trees.

Root Word and Part of Speech:

• Root Word: The term does not derive from another Greek word, but it is a fundamental noun in the language.
• Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter.

Primary Meanings:

• Tree: The primary and most common meaning of δένδρον is a tree. This can refer to any kind of tree, from fruit-bearing trees to those used for shade or symbolic purposes.
• Metaphorical Use: In some contexts, δένδρον can also be used metaphorically to represent something strong and enduring, much like a tree in nature.

Scripture References

1. Matthew 7:17: “Even so every good tree (δένδρον, déndron) bringeth forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree (δένδρον, déndron) bringeth forth evil fruit.”

• Transliteration: déndron

1. Luke 6:43: “For a good tree (δένδρον, déndron) bringeth not forth corrupt fruit; neither doth a corrupt tree (δένδρον, déndron) bring forth good fruit.”

• Transliteration: déndron

1. Revelation 22:2: “In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree (δένδρον, déndron) of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month: and the leaves of the tree (δένδρον, déndron) were for the healing of the nations.”

• Transliteration: déndron

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Detailed Description

BDAG (A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature) defines δένδρον simply as “tree.” The lexicon highlights its use in both literal and metaphorical senses within the New Testament. BDAG notes that δένδρον is often used in parables and teachings of Jesus, where trees symbolize various spiritual truths or conditions, such as in the context of bearing fruit.

Thayer’s Greek Lexicon similarly defines δένδρον as “tree” and notes its frequent usage in the New Testament to convey deeper spiritual meanings, particularly in the teachings of Jesus. Thayer’s Lexicon also emphasizes the symbolic use of trees in the Bible, where they often represent life, growth, and fertility.

Vine’s Expository Dictionary concurs with these definitions, explaining that δένδρον is typically used to denote a tree in both literal and figurative contexts. Vine’s also points out that trees in the Bible often carry symbolic meanings, such as the “tree of life” in Revelation, which represents eternal life and divine provision.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance provides a concise definition of δένδρον as “a tree,” underscoring its basic and fundamental meaning in the Greek language.

Usage in Classical Greek Literature

1. Homer’s “Iliad”: Trees are often mentioned in the context of nature and the natural world, representing life, strength, and the enduring nature of the earth. While δένδρον itself is not explicitly used in the “Iliad,” the concept of trees as powerful symbols is present throughout the epic.
2. Herodotus’ “Histories”: Herodotus frequently refers to trees in his historical accounts, often using them to describe landscapes, provide geographical details, or symbolically represent the endurance of certain peoples or traditions. Δένδρον would be the term used in these contexts.
3. Plato’s “Phaedrus”: In this dialogue, trees are part of the natural setting where Socrates and Phaedrus discuss various philosophical ideas. The tree becomes a symbol of contemplation and natural wisdom. Δένδρον fits this descriptive role in the narrative.

Summary

Déndron (G1186) is a Greek noun meaning “tree,” used both literally and metaphorically throughout Greek literature and the New Testament. The term denotes various types of trees and can symbolize growth, life, and spiritual truths in biblical contexts. In the New Testament, δένδρον is often used in the teachings of Jesus, particularly in parables, where trees represent moral and spiritual states, such as the bearing of good or bad fruit. Classical Greek literature also reflects the significance of trees, using them as symbols of strength, endurance, and natural wisdom. Déndron is a fundamental word in the Greek language, carrying deep cultural and spiritual connotations.